化肥减量及有机肥增施对苹果产量和品质的影响

以“烟富三号”为试材,对传统苹果施肥量进行不同程度的化肥减施及有机肥增施处理,探明化肥减施及有机替代对苹果生长、品质和经济效益的影响。结果表明,对常规施肥进行施肥结构调整,在增施有机肥的基础上,优化并减少化肥施用仍然可以提升苹果部分生长指标（产量、单果重及肥料偏生产力）、表观指标（果面光洁度和果品等级）、生理指标（可溶性糖、维生素C、糖酸比、硝酸盐）、生化指标（果实氮磷钾含量及吸收量）、增加土壤速效氮磷钾及有机质含量,缓解土壤酸化,综合经济效益亦有所提升。若在此基础上继续进行化肥减施,则会导致苹果各指标整体下降,经济效益相对降低,但均高于常规施肥,其中减施20%化肥的各项指标处于较高水平。

Effects of reduced chemical fertilizers and increased organic fertilizers on Fuji apple yield and quality

Taking the "Yanfu 3" Fuji apple as the test object, reducing the application of chemical fertilizers and increasing the application of organic fertilizers based on traditional apple fertilization, to explore the effects of reduced chemical fertilizers and organic replacement on apple growth, quality and economic benefits. The results showed that adjusting conventional fertilization and optimizing and reducing the application of chemical fertilizer on the basis of increasing organic fertilizer can still improve apple growth indicators (yield, single fruit weight and fertilizer partial productivity) and apparent indicators (fruit surface smoothness and fruit grade) , Physiological indicators (soluble sugar, vitamin C, sugar to acid ratio and nitrate), biochemical indicators (fruit nitrogen, phosphorus & potassium content and absorption). And increase organic fertilizers and reduce chemical fertilizers to increase soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter content, alleviate soil acidification, and comprehensively improve economic benefits. On this basis, continued application of chemical fertilizer will lead to the overall decline of apple indicators, the economic benefits are relatively lower, but they are higher than conventional fertilization, and the indicators of 20% reduction of chemical fertilizer are at a higher level.