深圳市花城建设背景下公园植物应用探讨

对深圳市2021年新建的29个公园植物种类进行调查,结果显示,新建公园中应用的园林植物种类达 345 种,隶属于91 科 251 属。其中,应用频度最高的乔木、灌木、草本、藤本分别为紫花风铃木Handroanthus impetiginosus与黄花风铃木Handroanthus chrysanthus,朱槿Hibiscus rosa-sinensis与光叶子花Bougainvillea glabra,翠芦莉Ruellia simplex和非洲凌霄Podranea ricasoliana。对公园中山石、水体、建筑、园路和广场5种景观空间中的典型植物群落配置情况进行分析,总结植物配置与应用的特点。与已有深圳市优秀成熟公园的植物群落相比,新建公园的观花率上升,植物种类与色彩增加,绿化管养趋于精细化、园艺技术提升等,但存在“重观赏效果,轻功能考量”的问题。最后提出公园建设可持续发展建议,如增加林荫树和乡土植物,注重场所化和人性化的设计等。

Plant Application in Shenzhen Park under the Background of Flower City Construction

According to a survey of plant species conducted at Shenzhen''s 29 new parks in 2021, 345 kinds of landscape plants from 91 families and 251 genera are used there. Among them, the trees, shrubs, herbs and vines with the highest frequency of application are Handroanthus impetiginosus and Handroanthus chrysanthus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Bougainvillea glabra, Ruellia simplex and Podranea ricasoliana. To summarise the traits of plant configurations and uses, typical plant community configurations in five landscape spaces of rocks, water features, buildings, paths, and squares in these parks are examined. The new parks have enhanced the rate of flower viewing, increased the diversity and color of plants, and tended to be more environmentally friendly when compared to the plant communities of Shenzhen''s great and mature parks. But there is the problem of "focusing on ornamental effects, but not on functional considerations" . Finally, recommendations for the sustainable development of park construction are made, such as increasing the number of shade trees and native plants, and focusing on place-based and humanised design