生草和覆盖对梨园土壤水分和结构的影响

摘 要：为了改进梨园土壤管理制度，克服清耕制土壤管理措施对梨园土壤水分和结构的不利影响，本试验在黄冠梨园采用随机区组试验设计，以清耕为对照，进行了生草和秸秆覆盖处理，对其土壤水分、土壤容重和土壤结构进行了测定分析。结果表明：随灌水后时间延长，秸秆覆盖比清耕可显著的保持土壤水分，灌水后时间越长保水效果越明显；果园生草在短期内即灌水后20天，其土壤含水量与清耕差异不显著，但随着灌水后时间的延长，会显著降低土壤含水量；果园生草和覆盖可以显著降低0-20 cm的表层土壤容重和表层土壤的固相体积；果园覆盖可以显著提高表层土壤的液相体积，降低20-40 cm土层的气相体积。

Effects of Grassing and Mulching on Soil Water and Structure of Pear Orchard

Abstract: In order to improve the soil management practice and overcome the negative effects of tillage on the soil water and structure, the soil water, bulk density and structure were studied in the farming, grassing and mulching Huanguan-pear orchard, using the randomized complete block design. The result showed that the soil water of mulching was significantly maintained and the longer the watering day the higher the soil water. The grassing soil water was not significantly different to farming soil water after the 20 days of watering. But the grassing soil water was significantly reduced when the watering day was long. The soil bulk density and solid volume were significantly reduced in the depth of 0-20 cm grassing and mulching surface soil. The liquid volume was significantly increased in mulching surface soil and the gas volume was reduced in the depth of 20-40 cm mulching soil.