板栗结实特性研究

研究并探讨了部分板栗良种间的授粉结实特性以及不同亲本对板栗结实率、空苞率等的影响。人工授粉杂交结果表明,不同品种间杂交,座苞率、落苞率有较大差异,结实率、空苞率、坚果数/结实苞在不同杂交组合间也存在明显差异,‘红栗×河北短丰’结实率最高,空苞率较低,其次为‘雄花败育×河北短丰’以及‘沂蒙短枝×河北短丰’,‘垂枝栗×河北短丰’和‘红栗×垂枝栗’结实率最低,空苞率却最高。同一父(母)本不同母(父)本间由于亲和性不同也使杂交结果差异较大,以‘河北短丰’为父本的四个杂交组合和以‘红栗’为母本的两个杂交组合中,母(父)本不同,结实率、空苞率乃至坚果数/结实苞均存在显著差异。研究还发现板栗总苞的生长发育和其内部是否有坚果关系不大。根据试验结果,板栗父母本间亲和性好,则空苞率低,结实率高,因而亲和性好的授粉树的选择在实际生产中具有重要意义。

Fruiting characteristics of Castanea mollissima

The pollination fruiting characteristics of Castanea mollissmia and effects of parents on seed-setting rate and empty-shell rate were studied in this paper. The results showed that there was great difference in bur-setting rate and bud-dropping rate, and the difference in empty-bur rate, seed-setting rate and the number of nuts per bur was significant among different cross combinations. The highest seed-setting rate was observed in cross combination of Hongli×Hebeiduanfeng, and Xionghuabaiyu×Hebeiduanfeng and Yimengduanzhi×Hebeiduanfeng followed it, Chuizhili×Hebeiduanfeng and Hongli×Chuizhili were the lowest, but the empty-bur rate of which were the highest. The hybrid results were different among different male parents and female parents because of compatibility. The seed-setting rate, empty-bur rate and number of nuts per bur were different among four cross combinations whose male parent was Hebeiduanfeng and two cross combinations whose female parent was Hongli. It was also discovered that there was little relationship between involucre development and nuts in it. According to the results, the better the compatibility between parents, the lower the empty-bur rate and the higher the seed-setting rate. Therefore, the selection of pollination trees with good compatibility showed important significance in practical production of Castanea mollissima．