南疆棉区地面灌溉棉田高效节水灌溉方式研究

研究了南疆地面灌溉条件下棉花生育期不同灌溉定额的土壤水分动态、棉株叶片水势动态、棉花耗水规律以及对棉花生长发育、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，棉花全生育期灌溉定额345mm，每次灌水量60～75mm，土壤供水明显不足，叶片水势下降较快，棉株生育受到抑制，减产严重；灌溉定额480mlTl，每次灌水量90～105mm，在15d左右的灌水周期内，土壤供水适宜，棉株生长稳健，产量与充分灌溉相当，水分生产效率显著高于低量灌溉和充分灌溉；灌溉定额615mm，每次灌水量105～135mm，土壤水分偏多，棉株生长过旺，与适量灌溉相比并没有增产效果，且耗水量加大、水分生产效率下降。在试验结果的基础上提出了南疆棉区合理的灌溉制度。

Study on High Efficient and Water Saving Irrigation Regime for Surface Irrigation in Cotton Region of South Xinjiang

Effects of the irrigation schedules of surface irrigation during cotton growing season on change of soil moisture and leaf water potential,water consumption,growth,yield and water use efficiency in cotton field were studied.The results showed:(a) by irrigating 345 mm during the whole season and 60~75 mm each application,the soil moisture supplying ability was obviously deficient,the drop of leaf water potential was faster,the cotton growth was inhibited,the yield sharply decreased;(b) by irrigating 480 mm during whole season and 90~105 mm each,the soil supplied sufficient water in 15 days alternation,the cotton grew steadily and vigorously,the yield equal to with full-irrigate,and the water use efficiency were higher than that of insufficient and full-irrigation;(c) by irrigating 615 mm during whole season and 105~135 mm each,the soil supplied too much water,the growth was too strong,the yield did not increased comparing with common irrigation schedule while the water consumption increased,and the water use efficiency was reduced.An rational irrigation regime for cotton production in south Xinjiang was proposed based on the studies.