菠萝炭疽病的病原鉴定与生物学特性研究

目的]分离鉴定菠萝炭疽病病原菌,并完成该菌的生物学特性研究。方法]从海南各地采集的菠萝炭疽病病叶上分离、纯化病原菌,经形态学鉴定后研究其生物学特性。结果]通过形态学特征将炭疽病病原鉴定为胶孢炭疽菌（Colletorichum gloeosprioides Penz.）。生物学特性试验结果表明：该菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最适温度分别为25～30和28～30℃;最适pH值均为6.0～8.0;完全黑暗最利于菌丝生长,而光暗交替最利于孢子萌发;葡萄糖、果糖和麦芽糖为菌丝生长的最理想碳源,而除半乳糖和阿拉伯糖外其余碳源均对孢子萌发有促进作用;酵母浸粉、蛋白胨和牛肉浸膏利于菌丝生长和孢子萌发,天冬氨酸则仅对孢子萌发有利;相对湿度达90%以上孢子才可萌发,水滴条件下孢子萌发率最高。结论]为菠萝炭疽病的防治研究奠定了初步的基础。

Pathogen Identification and Biological Characteristics of Pineapple Anthracnose

Objective]The pathogen of pineapple anthracnose were isolated and identified,and the biological characteristics of the pathogen were studied.Method]Pathogen was isolated and purified from the leaves collected from different areas in Hainan province which had been infected by pineapple anthracnose,and the biological characteristics were studied after morphological identification of the pathogen.Results]The pathogen of pineapple anthracnose was identified as Colletorichum gloeosprioides Penz.through morphological characteristics.The results of biological characteristic test showed that the optimum temperature for mycelium growth and spore germination were 25-30 and 28-30 ℃,respectively;and the optimum pH value was 6-8;complete darkness was the best condition for growth of mycelium,while alternative light and darkness was the most beneficial condition for spore germination;the best carbon sources for mycelium growth were glucose,D-fructose and maltose;in addition to L-grabinose and D-galactose,the other carbon sources all had promotion effect on spore germination;yeast extract,peptone and beef extract were proved to be beneficial for mycelium growth and spore germination,Aspartic acid was only beneficial for spore germination;spores were just able to germinate when the relative humidity was greater than 90%,spore germination was the highest under water drops condition.Conclusion]The results laid preliminary basis for the control of pineapple anthracnose.