异色瓢虫幼虫捕食蚜虫与同种非同胞卵的混合食物对成虫捕食行为的影响

许多研究发现只捕食非同胞卵对捕食性瓢虫的发育、存活和行为具有不良影响，但较少关注少量捕食非同胞卵对瓢虫是否有影响，自相残杀作为瓢虫捕食其他猎物的营养补充乃是自然界的常态。本研究旨在探明异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis（Pallas）幼虫期在捕食蚜虫的基础上取食非同胞卵是否对成虫捕食行为产生影响。设置3个幼虫期饲喂处理：给各龄幼虫仅饲喂禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi（Linnaeus）（对照），给各龄幼虫饲喂蚜虫加少量非同胞卵（分散食卵），给4龄幼虫饲喂蚜虫加较多的非同胞卵、其余龄期只喂蚜虫（集中食卵）等；观察雌、雄成虫体型大小和羽化后连续3 d的捕食行为。对观测的异色瓢虫成虫体重、捕食总时间、捕食攻击频次和首次捕食发生倾向等行为特征进行的数据分析结果表明，在所检验的3个饲喂处理间这些特征均不存在显著差异。说明异色瓢虫在幼虫期除捕食蚜虫外，持续少量或一次性大量取食非同胞卵不影响其在成虫期的捕食行为。

Effects of Larval Consumption of Diets of Aphids and Non-sibling Conspecific Eggs on Adult Predation Behaviors in Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)

Many studies have indicated that consumption of only non-sibling conspecifics can have negative impacts on developmental and reproductive performances, yet few studies have focused on whether consuming the diet of aphids and non-sibling conspecifics at the larval stage affects predation behaviors at the adulthood. This study was to investigate in laboratory whether consumption of some conspecific eggs in addition to the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi at larval stages influenced predation behaviors of Harmonia axyridis at the adult stage. Three diets were provided as food to ladybird larvae, only aphids (the control), aphids plus small amount of non-sibling conspecific eggs to each instar larvae (dispersive egg consumption), or aphids plus a large amount of non-sibling conspecific eggs exclusively to the 4th instar larvae (aggregative egg consumption). Predation behaviors of adults by sex on three consecutive days after emergence were recorded. The analyses of effects of diet by sex showed that the diet treatment did not have a statistical effect on adult body size, total time of predation, frequency of attacks, and latency to the first attack, in both male and female. The results suggest that consumption of non-sibling eggs of either a small amount by each instar or large amount by only the final instar may have negligible effect on predation behaviors of male and female adults in H. axyridis.