树木引种驯化的生态限制条件探索

在昆明树木园的树木引种驯化工作中 ,探讨了引种树木的生存、生长、发育受引种地常年性和偶发性生态条件影响的程度以及引种树种对新环境条件的适应能力。一定的生态环境 ,对一些树种是适生条件 ,对另一些树种则是生存、生长发育的限制条件。这决定于树木的遗传变异性。由于各树种的遗传变异性不同 ,因而在受引种地生态条件影响的程度上存在种间差异 ,相同树种个体间也存在一定的遗传差异 ,种内在受引种地生态条件影响的程度上也存在着个体差异。引种树木对引种地的新环境的适应能力可分为相似生态适应能力、潜在适应能力和可塑性适应能力。这种适应能力也存在种间和种内个体差异 ;适应能力的大小是该引种树木在新环境中能否存活以致正常生长发育的关键。研究引种地常年性和偶发性生态条件对引种树木的影响和引种树木的适应能力 ,可以开扩树木引种驯化视野 ,使树木的引种驯化工作取得显著成效

Limiting Ecological Factors of Tree Introduction and Domestication

The effect of continuous and sporadic ecological condition of introduction site on the survival, growth and development of exotic trees, and the adaptability of introduced trees to the new cultivation environment were studied. Owning to the genetic characteristics of trees, an optimum factor for a tree species could be a restrictive factor for another one. The extend to which the growth of exotic trees were affected by the ecological condition of introduction site, varies with tree species, as well as individuals. The exotic trees hold adaptability to the ecological environment of introduction site. Three kinds, namely similarity adaptability, potential adaptability and formative adaptability. Those adaptability also vary with tree species and individuals. The adaptability is a key factor to introduced tree's survival and growth at new environment. Study on the effect of introduction site's ecological condition and exotic tree's adaptability could widen the vision of introduction works and promote tree introduction work access success.