氮肥高效利用水稻育种的现状与展望

我国水稻对氮肥的利用率平均仅在28%-37%之间(低于世界一般水平15-20个百分点)。江苏一季的施氮量超过国际公认的的安全标准（年施氮量225kg/hm2）达27.6%。按此标准，则每年至少造成180万吨的氮肥（纯N）的浪费。将带来严重的环境污染。缓释、控释性等有机肥料的施用，可提高氮素的利用率，但成本太高。我国科学家已在水稻第12条染色体上检出1个QTL与氮素利用率关联，且表现出显著的加性和显性效应。因此，培育适合于不同栽培条件的氮高效新品种，是切实可行的。这对于降低氮素肥料的使用量，保护环境，意义十分重大。

The Present Situation and Forecasting for High Efficient nitrogen Utilization of Rice Breeding

The average nitrogen utilization ratio is among 28%-37% in rice in our country. The amount of nitrogen use in one season is 27.6% more than the international generally accepted standard. So, 1.8 million tones nitrogen was wasted in every year, and serve pollution were made. The utilization of some slow-released chemical manures could improve the nitrogen utilization ratio. But, the cost was so high. Our country’s scientists have checked up one QTL, which was relation to nitrogen utilization ratio. It displayed addition and dominant effect. So, breeding new rice varieties of high efficient nitrogen utilization which adept to different cultivation conditions was practical and effective. It has an important meaning to reducing the amount of nitrogen use and protecting the environment.