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农业景观生物多样性功能和保护对策
引用本文:孙玉芳,李想,张宏斌,陈宝雄,李垚奎,刘云慧,宇振荣.农业景观生物多样性功能和保护对策[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(7):993-1001.
作者姓名:孙玉芳  李想  张宏斌  陈宝雄  李垚奎  刘云慧  宇振荣
作者单位:1. 农业部农业生态与资源保护总站 北京 100125;2. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100094
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41671181)和农业应对气候变化能力建设项目(2014127)资助
摘    要:研究表明,农业集约化生产和农业景观均质化导致农业景观生物多样性降低,致使生物多样性相关野生资源保护、自然授粉、害虫调节、水土涵养等生态系统服务功能受损,进而影响了农业可持续发展。本文对国内外农业景观生物多样性及其生态系统服务功能研究和实践进行了综述。分别探讨了农业景观在生物多样性保护、授粉服务、调节服务、水土涵养等多方面生态服务功能中发挥的作用及其生物多样性保护的意义,总结了欧美在农业景观生物多样性保护所采取的实践措施,指出中国虽然在生物多样性保护方面做出很多努力,但却忽略了对农业景观的保护,近些年的城市化和集约化发展都进一步加剧了农业景观生物多样性的丧失,亟需借鉴欧美国家经验提出我国的农业景观生物多样性保护策略。我们认为保护和提高农业景观生物多样性的生态集约化对维护农作物产量,改善品种具有重要的作用。农业景观生物多样性保护需要从农田生态系统和农业景观两个尺度上开展农业景观综合管理,提高农田作物和景观植物多样性和异质性,恢复和提高生物多样性及其生态服务功能。最后,针对我国农业可持续发展面临的问题和需求,建议从政策和法规、监测和评估、工程技术研发、技术集成示范、生态补贴制度、培训和推广等方面,开展农业景观生物多样性保护。

关 键 词:农业景观  生物多样性保护  生态系统服务  农业可持续发展  农业集约化
收稿时间:2016/10/28 0:00:00
修稿时间:2017/3/9 0:00:00

Functions and countermeasures of biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes:A review
SUN Yufang,LI Xiang,ZHANG Hongbin,CHEN Baoxiong,LI Yaokui,LIU Yunhui and YU Zhenrong.Functions and countermeasures of biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes:A review[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(7):993-1001.
Authors:SUN Yufang  LI Xiang  ZHANG Hongbin  CHEN Baoxiong  LI Yaokui  LIU Yunhui and YU Zhenrong
Institution:Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China,Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China,Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China,Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
Abstract:Studies have shown that intensive agricultural production and homogenization of agricultural landscape have led to a decline in biodiversity across agricultural landscapes.This phenomenon has resulted in the loss of ecosystem services such as biodiversity conservation,natural pollination,pest regulation,erosion control and sustainable agricultural development.In this paper,the researches and practices of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes and the related ecosystem services were reviewed.We discussed the role of agricultural landscape in biodiversity conservation,pollination service,regulation service,soil and water conservation and other aspects of ecological service functions and conservation.We summarized the practical measures taken in Europe and the United States for the conservation of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes.It was pointed out that although China had made significant efforts in the conservation of biodiversity,it neglected the protection of agricultural landscapes.In recent years,urbanization and intensive agricultural development have further exacerbated the loss of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes.It was necessary to draw lessons from the European and American experiences to put forward a national strategy for the conservation of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes in China.The intensification of conservation and enhancement of biodiversity in agro-ecological landscapes can benefit both crop yield and quality.The protection of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes required an integrated management of agricultural landscapes at agro-ecological and agro-landscape scales in order to restore and improve biodiversity in agricultural landscapes and the related ecosystem services functions.With specific regard to the problems and requirements of sustainable agricultural development in China,we suggested the development of biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes from policy and regulation measures,monitoring and evaluation,engineering and technology,research and development,technology integration,eco-subsidy system,training and extension,etc.
Keywords:Agricultural landscape  Biodiversity protection  Ecosystem service  Agricultural sustainability  Intensive agricultural development
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