Validation of Microplate Bioassays for the Assessment of Contaminated and Remediated Sites |
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Authors: | Jean-Paul?Rila Kerstin?Hund-Rinke Frank?Pfeifer Wolfgang?Dott Email author" target="_blank">Adolf?EisentraegerEmail author |
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Institution: | (1) National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;(2) Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, D-57377 Schmallenberg, Germany;(3) Deutsche Montan Technologic GmbH, D-45307 Essen, Germany;(4) Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, D-52074 Aachen, Germany |
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Abstract: | Background, Goal and Scope Bioassays are frequently used to investigate the water extractable ecotoxicological and genotoxicological potential of contaminated
soil samples. A laboratory intercomparison study was performed for validation of miniaturised biological test systems for
the assessment of contaminated and remediated sites. The successful performance of this study resulted in an optimisation
of microplate assays with respect to the testing of chemicals and environmental samples.
Methods For this purpose, miniaturised bioassays were chosen, which, because of their stage of development, are suitable for routine
application in the characterisation of the water extractable ecotoxicological and genotoxicological potential of soils. These
ecotoxicological and genotoxicological assays were performed with contaminated soil samples by three institutions at the same
time.
Results and Discussion The toxicological assessment of the contaminated and remediated soil samples using LID-values, as a rule, was highly uniform.
Some minor deviations could, for the most part, be explained by the heterogeneity of the soil samples and, to a lesser extent,
by methodical aspects. The difference in sensitivity towards contaminants of the two bacteria Vibrio fischeri and Pseudomonas putida was pointed out. In the algae test with Desmodesmus subspicatus, the influence of the highest sample concentrations on the growth controls became obvious. It was recommended to modify the
experimental setup of the microtitration plate, i.e. to place growth controls located next to both the lowest and the highest
dilution steps of the sample. The Ames-test did in some cases provide new information on the genotoxicity of the samples,
but is not considered useful in a test battery for the evaluation of the genotoxic potential because of its great expense
in time and work.
Conclusions The investigations in this laboratory-intercomparison study for the assessment of the water extractable toxic potential of
soil samples show that different bioassays are needed, which, in contrast to chemical-analytical methods, can detect the complete
effects of all present pollutants in contaminated and remediated soils and solid substrates path-specifically.
Recommendations and Outlook If the recommended modifications for the performance of the bacterial and algae growth inhibition assays on microplates are
taken into consideration, these tests can substitute the tests performed on a macro scale. The usefulness of the umu-test
and the NM2009-test for the investigation of the genotoxic potential has been proven. Although the tests performed on microplates
require much lower sample amounts, it is recommended that sample amounts be eluted in accordance with current guidelines to
ensure representativity of the sample. Further work should focus on toxicity identification studies in the future by combining
chemical and toxicological analyses. |
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Keywords: | Aquatic test systems bioassays ecotoxicity genotoxicity soil assessment soil extract |
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