水稻长穗大粒RIL群体主要品质性状的遗传分析

为探讨水稻长穗大粒RILs群体主要品质性状的遗传规律,以自育的一个水稻长穗大粒品系FJCD与籼型三系恢复系IR24配制杂交组合,单粒传法构建含有178个株系的RILs群体(F11)为材料,分别在福州和沙县2个不同生态条件下种植,采用植物数量性状的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型及其相应的统计方法,研究水稻主要品质性状的遗传特征。结果表明:除了精米率呈多基因遗传外,其他9个品质性状的最适遗传模型符合主基因+多基因混合遗传。精米率、米粒长、米粒宽、米粒长宽比、透明度、碱消值和直链淀粉含量在不同环境中表现相似的遗传模型;整精米率、垩白度和垩白粒率表现不同的遗传模型。由主基因遗传率为主的有整精米率、米粒长、垩白粒率、垩白度、透明度、碱消值和直链淀粉含量;由多基因遗传率为主的有米粒宽和米粒长宽比。环境因素对碱消值的影响最大。在不同生态条件下稻米主要品质性状间的相关性有82.22%的比率表现较为一致,不因环境的变化而改变其相关性。因此,在稻米品质选择与鉴定时需对整精米率、垩白度和垩白粒率在多个特定环境中进行,才能提高育种效率;对由主基因和多基因遗传率为主的性状需分别采用不同选择方法和育种策略。

Genetic Analysis of Main Grain Quality Traits of Rice on an RIL Population of Long Panicle and Big Grain Character

The main grain quality traits of rice on an RIL population of long panicle and big grain character were studied for exploring the inheritance of the main grain quality traits of rice, and providing a theoretical basis for QTLs mapping and high-quality rice breeding. Ten main grain qualities traits were genetically analyzed by using the recombinant inbred lines population(RILs, F11)of the 178 lines which were derived from IR24/FJCD by using single seed descent method. The 178 lines and their parents were grown in two different eco-environments at Fuzhou and Shaxian. The FJCD variety was bred by ourselves and has the characteristic of long panicle and big grain. The analytical method was based on the mixed inheritance model of major genes and polygenes of the quantitative traits in plants. We analyzed the genetic characters and environmental effects to the 10 main grain qualities. The results showed major gene inheritance except that the milled rice recovery(MRR)was controlled only by polygenes. It showed similar genetic model in different environment for MRR, rice length(RC), rice width(RW), rice length and width ratio(RLWR), translucency, alkali spreading value(ASV)and amylose content(AC), but other three traits of head milled rice recovery(HMRR), chalkiness degree(CD)and chalky rice rate(CRR)showed different genetic model. The quality traits of HMRR, rice length, CRR, CD, translucency, ASV and AC were controlled by the heritability of major genes. The others of RW and RLWR were controlled by the heritability of polygenes. The ASV was the most affected by the environment factor. The correlation of the main grain qualities between different eco-environments showed consistency in the ratio of 82.22%, whose correlation didn't change as the change of the environment. In order to improve breeding efficiency, we must detect three quality traits of head milled rice recovery(HMRR), chalkiness degree(CD)and chalky rice rate(CRR)in several special environment. According to the different quality traits, controlled by the heritability of major genes or controlled by the heritability of polygenes, we must select different methods and breeding strategies.