广西公益林生态效益补偿研究

为了研究合理的公益林生态效益补偿标准，维持公益林的经营动力，该文采用林木资产评估方法和本金折息法，并以价值损失补偿计量标准，计算公益林生态效益补偿金额.结果表明:①如果政府一次性购买广西集体和个人经营的公益林归国家所有，对公益林经营者进行补偿所需的补偿金额为220亿元人民币；②如果公益林产权不变，仍由所有者按公益林建设规程进行经营，保证公益林正常发挥生态效益，每年对公益林经营者进行补偿所需的补偿金额为7.22亿元人民币.各树种类型公益林补偿标准为:杉木236.0元/(hm2·a)、马尾松214.4元/(hm2·a)、阔叶树219.1元/(hm2·a)、桉树195.4元/(hm2·a)、竹林87.4元/(hm2·a)、灌木林39.1元/(hm2·a).公益林有典型的外部经济性，政府必须对公益林经营者进行合理的经济补偿才能维持公益林的经营动力. 

Compensation of ecological benefit for public welfare forests in Guangxi, south China

In order to study the rational compensation standard of ecological benefit for public welfare forests and to maintain its operational motivating force,the authors calculated the amount of financial compensation for ecological benefit of public welfare forests by adopting the method of forest assets assessment as well as the method of transferring principal to interest according to measurement standard of compensation for value loss.The results were as followings: 1) if government purchasing the public welfare forests operated by collective and individual for once,it will cost $22 billion to compensate the operators of public welfare forests;2) if the property rights of public welfare forests do not change while it continues to be operated by its owners according to project specifications,government compensation will account In order to study the rational compensation standard of ecological benefit for public welfare forests and to maintain its operational motivating force,the authors calculated the amount of financial compensation for ecological benefit of public welfare forests by adopting the method of forest assets assessment as well as the method of transferring principal to interest according to measurement standard of compensation for value loss.The results were as followings: 1) if government purchasing the public welfare forests operated by collective and individual for once,it will cost $22 billion to compensate the operators of public welfare forests;2) if the property rights of public welfare forests do not change while it continues to be operated by its owners according to project specifications,government compensation will account $0.722 billion annually to the present operators in order to ensure its normal ecological benefit.Standard compensation per year for different tree species of public welfare are as follows: Chinese fir $236.0/hm~2,Masson pine $214.4,broadleaved forests $219.1,eucalypt $195.4,bamboo grove $87.4 and shrubbery $39.1.Public welfare forests with typical characteristics of external economics should be equalized by reasonable amount of compensation to its operators and thus maintain its operation motive force.