温光敏核雄性不育小麦花药中保护酶活性的变化

为了揭示温光型核雄性不育小麦花粉败有的生化机制1，比较研究了温光型细胞核雄性不育小麦C49S的不育和可育花药在不同发育时期的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化氢酶（CAT），过氧化物酶（POD）的活性丙二醛（MDA），可溶性蛋白质含量的变化。结果表明，温光型核雄不育小麦不育花药SOD活性在花粉母细胞减数分裂期至小孢子早期的下降速率是可育花药的4．34－4．35倍，在成熟花粉期，可育花药的活性比不育花药高1－2倍，不育花药的CAT活性从花粉母细胞到小孢子中期有一定程度的下降；发育早期，不育花药MDA含量极显著高于可育花药；在花药发育的整个过程中，不育花药的POD活性一直比同一发育时期的可育花药高；可育花药中的可溶性蛋白质含量显著高于不育花药。以上结果说明，温光型核雄不育小麦C49S在早播低温短日照条件下，花药中有机自由基酶保护系统遭到破坏，花药中膜酯过氧化作用加剧，生化代谢出现异常，是其花粉败育的重要原因。

Changes of Activity of Protective Enzymes in Anther of Thermo-photo sensitive Genic Male sterile Wheat

Changes in activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase (CAT),and peroxidase (POD) and in content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble protein in anther of thermo photo sensitive genic male sterile wheat C49S were investigated.The results showed that :1) The destroying speed of SOD activity in sterile anther of C49S was 4.34 to 4.35 times of its fertile anther during the time of PMC meiosis stage to microspore stage,and at mature pollen stage the activity in fertile anther was 1 to 2 times higher than that in sterile anther;2) The activity of CAT in sterile anther of C49S reduced slightly during the time of PMC formation stage to middle microspore stage;3) The content of MDA in sterile anther of C49S was significantly higher than that in fertile anther at the early stage of development of anther;4) The activity of POD in sterile anther of C49S was higher than that in fertile anther at all development stages;5) The content of soluble protein in fertile anther of C49S was higher than that in sterile anther. It was suggested that it was the important reason of the pollen abortion of thermo photo sensitive genic male sterile wheat C49S when C49S grew in low temperature and short day condition, the enzyme catalyzed protective system cleaning away organic free radicals in anther was destroyed ,and the superoxidation of membrance lipids was serious ,and the biochemical metabolization was abnormal.