近60年我国旱涝灾情时空特征分析

基于对1950—2010年我国旱涝灾害受灾面积和成灾面积的统计数据,分析了我国旱涝灾害的时间变化趋势和空间分布特征。结果表明:20世纪50年代以来,我国旱涝灾害受灾和成灾面积变化呈增加趋势,尤其是20世纪90年代后,旱涝灾害受灾面积和成灾面积显著增多,是历年灾害受灾面积平均值的1.4倍。就空间分布而言,旱涝受灾面积和成灾面积在各区域影响程度不同:华东区、东北区和华中区旱涝并重,华北区和西北区主要以干旱为主,西南区主要以洪涝为主,其中受干旱影响最严重的是华北区,占全国受灾面积的11.09%;洪涝最严重的是华东区,所占比例为7.19%。

The temporal and spatial characteristics of flood and drought during the recent 60 years in China

Based on the statistics of covered area and affected area by flood and drought during 1950—2010,the tendency of the temporal distribution and the characteristics of the spatial distribution were analyzed .The results showed that the covered area and affected area had an increasing tendency over the time for flood and drought .Especially since the 1990s,the areas were significantly more than before .Meanwhile,the covered area was 1 .4 time that of the average . In terms of the spatial distribution,the influence by the disaster was different in every region .Flood was as serious as drought in east China,central China and northeast China,drought was the main disaster in north China and northwest China,and flood was the main issue in southwest China .The most serious covered areas by drought and by flood were north China and east China,accounting for 1 1 .09%and 7 .19%of the total covered areas countrywide,respectively . Therefore it has significant meaning to reduce the losses by meteorological disasters through the improvement of defense and mitigation against disasters .