生物技术在巴西橡胶树遗传改良中的应用综述

巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.）为大戟科多年生异花授粉作物,是天然橡胶（NR）这一重要工业原料的主要来源。由于橡胶树的高度杂合性,加上其漫长的选育种及评价鉴定周期,使得该作物在常规育种上受到极大的限制。随着离体培养及遗传工程技术的发展和应用,人们对于胶乳产量,植株生势,木材质量,以及抗割面干涸病（TPD）等性状的遗传改良和修饰正变得越来越快速和有效。本文就过去20年间橡胶生物技术研究领域所取得的成就作一综合评述。

A Review on Application of Biotechnology in Genetic Improvement of Hevea brasiliensis

Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.,the principal source of natural rubber（NR）,is an open pollinated crop belonging to the Family Euphorbiaceae.However,the heterozygous nature,long breeding time of trees and the prolonged period required for evaluation of mature traits are strong limitations for conventional breeding and selection methods.The development of methods for in vitro culture and genetic engineering has increased the possibility of producing rubber genotypes with improved latex yield,tolerance to tapping panel dryness（TPD） syndrome,growth rate and wood quality or reduction in undesirable traits.This review provides a comprehensive picture on rubber biotechnological research achievements in the last two decades.