中国粮食和水资源安全协同战略

我国粮食总产"九连增", 但粮食进口量也在增加, 北粮南运规模也在增大, 中国粮食安全处于紧平衡状态。本文针对我国大豆进口和高油高蛋白质食品过量消费的问题, 提出了中国粮食产业和消费结构协同战略。针对我国粮食生产能力和粮食供给量的发展趋势, 提出在重视中国农业走出去, 在国外建立粮食生产和供给基地的同时, 更要立足和加快国内后备耕地的开发, 挖掘我国粮食生产潜力。针对中国水资源南北分布不平衡和近年来干旱洪涝灾害频发, 提出中国粮食安全要建立在水资源安全的基础上。针对我国粮食主产区即长江中下游平原、华北平原、东北平原和西北地区4大粮仓的存在问题和发展潜力, 提出了相应的水资源安全和粮食安全的协同战略。强调水资源安全是粮食安全的基础, 在耕地面积日趋减少, 靠增加单位面积产量保障中国粮食总产的情况下, 只有进一步加强中国水利建设和提高水资源利用效率, 加快南水北调工程, 才能实现与北粮南运的协同, 特别是加快西线调水工程, 开发西部粮仓, 中国粮食新增潜力还可能有很大的提高。

Synergy strategy of food and water security in China

Although China had great harvest in recent nine years, food importation and scale of grain transfer from the north to the south increased and food security in fragile balance. Due to the huge importation of soybean coupled with high over-consumption of oil and protein food in China, this study suggested a synergy strategy for food industry and food consumption structure. In accordance with the trend of development of China's grain production and grain supply capacity, attention should be paid to agricultural produce export, setting up overseas food production and supply bases, maintaining foothold and speeding up exploitation of reserve and cultivated lands and cut down China's protein food production. With specific reference to the imbalance in water resources distribution between the south and north, frequent droughts and flood disasters in recent years, we suggested that China's food security should be constructed on the basis of water resources security. Based on existing problems and development potential of China's major grain production areas like the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the North China Plain, the Northeast Plain and the Northwest Region, we suggested taking synergy strategies for water and food security in China. We emphasized that water security should be the basis for food security. Under the decreasing agricultural acreage condition, China total grain output mainly depended on per-unit-area grain yield. If only water conservation, increased water resource use efficiency, south-to-north water diversion, the synergy of north-to-south grain transfer, and exploration of western region grain bank were strengthened, the full grain yield potential of China could be realized in the near future.