云南绿春哈尼梯田湿地水稻土基本养分特征

选取了云南绿春县规东河片区、松东河片区、二号桥河片区为样区,分析了样区未发生土壤冲蚀、发生土壤冲蚀后修复1a,修复8a的梯田湿地水稻土表层土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾特征。结果表明,(1)绿春哈尼梯田湿地水稻土pH值在5.21～6.79之间,呈微酸性;土壤有机质含量在3.80～47.14g/kg之间;土壤碱解氮含量在39.51～137.47mg/kg之间;土壤速效磷含量在1.29～13.31mg/kg之间;土壤速效钾含量在33.32～178.90mg/kg之间。从空间上看,绿春哈尼梯田湿地水稻土基本养分在同一地方相同片区较稳定,变异不大,但是不同地方之间有一定差异。(2)未发生土壤冲蚀的梯田水稻土基本养分显著高于发生土壤冲蚀后修复的梯田水稻土基本养分。经过修复和田间管理,梯田湿地水稻土养分含量有所升高,发生土壤冲蚀后修复8a在0.05水平上显著高于发生土壤冲蚀后修复1a。(3)绿春哈尼梯田同一山麓不同海拔高度土壤有机质含量基本稳定,变化较小。土壤速效养分含量在不同海拔高度变化较大,随着海拔高度的升高或者降低,养分并没有表现出明显的垂直变化特征。

Nutrient Characteristics in Paddy Soils of Hani Terrace in Luchun County of Yunnan Province

The characteristics of soil pH,organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in Hani Terrace paddy soils in Luchun County,Yunnan Province were studied.Soil samples were collected in the three sections of Guidong River patch,Songdong River patch,and Erhaohe River patch.Three kinds of Hani Terrace paddy soils,i.e.,non-erosion,erosion with one year remediation,and erosion with eight year remediation,were analyzed.Results show that(1)in the paddy soils,soil pH value is between 5.21 and 6.79;soil organic matter content,between 3.8 and 47.14 g/kg;soil available N content,between 39.51 and 137.47 mg/kg;soil available P content,between 1.29 and 13.31 mg/kg;and soil available potassium content,between 33.32 and 178.90 mg/kg.Spatially,soil nutrients at the same place of the paddy soils keep stable and have no significant variation,but at different places,they have some differences.(2)In the paddy soils,basic nutrients in non-erosion area are much higher than erosion area.Nutrients in the paddy soils have been increased by rehabilitation and field management and soils in terraces have been resumed for 8 years after soil erosion occurs.Most of nutrient contents are significantly higher than those only resumed for one year.(3)Basic soil nutrients at the same foothill but different altitudes in Hani Terrace of Luchun County are different,but vertically,nutrients have no obvious regular changes with increasing or decreasing of altitude.