蜜蜂为油菜授粉增产效果及机理研究

种植赣杂3号油菜,在油菜开花前,把种植的油菜分为自然授粉、蜜蜂授粉和无蜂授粉三个区.然后测定座果率、产量、千粒重、畸形率、发芽率、出油率、油菜籽成分、柱头上花粉含量、花粉活力、花粉管萌发、子房中的RNA含量等指标,并统计授粉昆虫的种类和数量.结果表明:蜜蜂授粉区油菜籽产量比自然授粉区和无蜂授粉区分别提高40.16%和114.98%,实际亩产油量比自然授粉区和无蜂授粉区分别高7.59%和25.12%,并且蜜蜂授粉区的千粒重、发芽率、柱头上的花粉含量、花粉活力、花粉管萌发数量、子房中RNA的含量都是极显著或显著高于自然授粉区和无蜂授粉区;蜜蜂授粉区油菜籽畸形率极显著低于自然授粉区和无蜂授粉区.

Yield-increasing Effect and Mechanism of Honeybee on Rape Pollination

Before the blossom of No.3 hybrid rape,oilseed rape plants were divided into the natural pollination area,bee pollination area and no bee pollination area.And the rate of fruit set,yield,grain weight,realformation rate,germination rate,oil yield,rapeseed composition,stigma pollen concentration,pollen viability,pollen tube germination,the RNA content of ovary were measured and the types and quantities of the pollinating insects in the no bee pollination area were calculated.The results showed that compared with the area of natural pollination and no bee pollination,the yield of bee pollination increased by 40.16% and 114.98% respectively,the actual mu oil yield of bee pollination increased by 7.59% and 25.12% respectively,and the grain weight,germination rate,pollen content on the stigma,pollen viability,pollen tube germination quantity,ovary in the RNA content of the bee pollination area were very significantly or significantly higher.