滇中高原不同起源华山松林地土壤质量分析

通过运用野外调查法和实验室分析法对样品进行采集与处理,对玉溪市磨盘山国家森林公园的华山松土壤理化因子和土壤生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)华山松天然次生林在改善土壤紧实度和酸碱度,增加有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全钾,以及提高蔗糖酶活性、细菌数量及真菌数量方面效果优于人工林,分别高出15.12%、1.17%、34.25%、18.37%、8.74%,12.46%,122.23%、6.11%以及11.67%;而人工林在增加全磷、速效钾以及提高土壤脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性及放线菌数量方面效果优于天然次生林,分别高出77.94%、27.41%、90.36%、77.78%以及6.99%。(2)主成分分析结果显示,土壤质量含水量、全氮、碱解氮、全磷与速效钾这5个因子能较好的反映土壤理化性质,过氧化氢酶、细菌和真菌这3个因子能较好的反映土壤生物学性质。(3)华山松土壤理化因子与土壤生物学特性存在显著的相关关系,其中影响酶活性的主要因子有质量含水量、全磷、有机质、容重和pH;影响微生物的主要因子有速效钾、碱解氮、全磷、pH、容重以及全钾。因此,通过改变容易控制的土壤理化因子,可以相应地改变土壤生物学特性,从而达到改良土壤的效果。

Soil Quality Analysis in Different Origin of Pinus Armandii in Central Yunnan Plateau,China

In this study,soil samples were collected and processed by using the methods of field investigation and laboratory analysis,and the indices of physicochemical properties and biological characteristics were measured in Pinus armandii located in Yuxi Mopan mountain national forest park.The results showed that:(1) Pinus armandii natural secondary forest was superior to plantation in improving soil compactness and pH value,increasing organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen,total potassium and increasing the activity of sucrose and the number of bacteria and the fungi,respectively,by 15.12％,1.17％,34.25％,18.37％,34.25％,12.46％,122.23％,6.11％ and 11.67％;But plantation was superior to natural secondary forest in increasing total phosphorus,rapidly-available potassium and improving the activities of soil urease and catalase and the number of actinomyces,respectively,by 77.94％,27.41％,90.36％,77.78％ and 6.99％.(2) The result of principal component analysis showed that soil mass water content,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen,total phosphorus and available potassium could better present soil physicochemical properties.And catalase,bacteria and fungi of the three factors could better reflect soil biological characteristics.(3) Soil physiochemical properties were significantly correlated with biological characteristics.The important factors that affected soil enzymatic activity were mass water content,total phosphorus,organic matter,bulk density and pH.The important factors that affected the microbial quantity were available potassium,alkali solution nitrogen,total phosphorus,pH,soil bulk density and total potassium.Therefore,the change in soil physicochemical factors easy to be controlled could alter accordingly soil biological characteristics,so as to achieve the effect of soil improvement.