施肥方式及化肥用量对水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响

为探索侧深施肥条件下化肥的减量空间,以单季稻为试验材料,采用田间肥效试验比较分析侧深施肥和常规浅施2种施肥方式下化肥用量对水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,等氮量条件下,侧深施肥技术水稻产量、有效穗数和氮肥利用效率均显著高于常规浅施,其中常量侧深施肥水稻产量、有效穗数和氮肥利用效率分别较常规浅施高11.46%、10.18%和34.77%,减量侧深施肥水稻产量、有效穗数和氮肥利用效率分别较减量浅施高14.63%、14.79%和39.73%。常规浅施条件下,氮肥用量降低20%造成水稻显著减产,但应用侧深施肥技术氮肥用量减少20%并未影响产量。综上,侧深施肥技术是提高水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的有效措施,应用侧深施肥技术可在保证产量稳定的基础上酌情减少化肥用量。

Impact of Fertilization Methods and Fertilizer Usage on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

To explore the reduction space of chemical fertilizer under side-deep fertilization, single-cropping rice was taken as the material to study the effects of fertilization methods on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under side-deep fertilization and conventional-shallow fertilization. Results showed that rice yield, effective panicle and nitrogen use efficiency of side-deep fertilization were significantly higher than those of conventional-shallow fertilization under the same nitrogen level. For example, rice yield, effective panicle and nitrogen use efficiency of side-deep fertilization were 11.46%, 10.18% and 34.77% higher than those of conventional-shallow application, respectively. Rice yield, effective panicle and nitrogen use efficiency of side-deep fertilization with reducing amount were 14.63%, 14.79% and 39.73% higher than those of conventional-shallow application with reducing amount. Under the condition of conventional-shallow application, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer reduction of 20% caused a significant reduction of rice yield. However, rice yield was not affected by the 20% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application under side-deep fertilization. In all, side-deep fertilization is an effective measure to improve rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency, and the application of side-deep fertilization can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer on the basis of stable yield.