微藻净化畜禽养殖废水影响因素研究进展

近年来,由畜禽养殖废水排放引发的环境污染问题已成为制约我国畜禽养殖业健康发展和生态文明建设的重要瓶颈之一。基于微藻培养的废水处理技术不仅能够解决畜禽养殖业的环境污染问题,还能变废为宝,利用废水中的营养元素生产高附加值的生物质产品,因而受到越来越多的关注。简要概述微藻对畜禽养殖废水中碳、氮、磷、抗生素、重金属等污染物的去除机理,重点综述了微藻藻种、废水预处理方式、培养条件、培养系统类型、藻-菌共生系统等因素对微藻净化畜禽养殖废水的影响及其存在的问题。未来的研究中,应注重高效藻种的筛选和开发力度,力争筛选出更多具有应用潜力的藻种,丰富微藻种质资源库;应针对不同类型废水开发出对应的复合藻-菌剂产品;应注重微藻下游产品开发,实现畜禽养殖废水到生物质产品的转变,形成绿色循环的产业链。

Research progress of influencing factors of livestock wastewater purification by microalgae

Recently, the environmental pollution problems caused by the livestock wastewater have become an important bottleneck to hinder both the healthy development of livestock industry and the construction of ecological civilization. The wastewater treatment technology based on the microalgae cultivation can not only solve the environmental pollution in the livestock industry, but also produce high value-added biomass products, which has attracted more and more attention. This paper briefly summarized the removal mechanism of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, antibiotics and heavy metals from livestock wastewater by microalgae. The influence factors for the microalgae technology such as microalgae species, pretreatment of livestock wastewater, cultivation system and conditions were expounded emphatically. The future research should be focused on screening more efficient microalgae species to enrich the germplasm bank of microalgae, developing corresponding compound microalgae-bacteria agents for different types of wastewater, and enhancing the development of downstream products of microalgae to realize the transformation from wastewater to biomass products.