茄子叶色黄化突变体的特征及遗传分析

以茄子叶色黄化突变体‘chl861-2’及其叶色正常近等基因系‘0643-1’为试材，研究其生长变化趋势、主要农艺性状、叶绿素含量变化和光合特性。该突变体具有叶绿素缺失突变特征，从子叶期开始表现出叶色黄化现象，子叶浅黄色，整个生育期真叶黄色。突变体植株生长缓慢，矮小，生育期延长，生长势和果实显著小于野生型，单果质量只有野生型的71.58%；在苗期、门茄开花期、四门斗开花结果期总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b的含量比野生型亲本显著降低；在苗期、门茄开花期净光合速率（Pn）显著低于野生型，气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）低于野生型，胞间CO2浓度（Ci）高于野生型。以突变体与3个正常叶色自交系为亲本构建6世代群体，对突变体叶色黄化性状遗传规律进行分析，结果表明叶色黄化性状为隐性核单基因控制，将该基因命名为Smchl-1。

Characterization and Genetic Analysis of a Yellowing Mutant of Eggplant Leaf Color

A leaf color yellowing mutant‘chl861-2’and its normal leaf near-isogenic line ‘0643-1’were used to study their leaf color change trend，chlorophyll content and several agronomic traits. The mutant had a chlorophyll-deficient characteristic. Its leaf color yellowing phenomenon was exhibited since the cotyledon stage and throughout the growth period. Its cotyledon was light yellow，true leaf color was yellow. The mutant plants grew slowly，dwarfed，and prolonged their growth period. The fruits of mutant plants were significantly smaller than those of the wild type，and the fruit weight was about 71.58% of that of the wild type. The contents of total chlorophyll，chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in the mutant were significantly lower than those in the wild type at the seedling stage，the first flowering stage，and the fourth fruiting stage. The net photosynthetic rate（Pn）of the mutant was significantly lower than that of the wild type at the seedling stage and the flowering stage，which stomata conductance（Gs）and transpiration rate（Tr）were lower than those of the wild type，and its intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci）is higher than the wild-type. The inheritance of the leaf color yellowing trait of‘chl861-2’was analyzed by using the segregating populations derived from the crosses between‘chl861-2’and three normal leaf color inbred lines. The results showed that the leaf color yellowing trait was controlled by a recessive nuclear single gene，which was named Smchl-1.