不同覆盖作物模式对茶园土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响

为探讨覆盖作物对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响，选择湖北省十堰市郧阳区谭家湾镇圩坪寺村茶园为研究对象，以自然留养杂草为对照（CK），设置黑麦草+白三叶2种作物混播（EZ）、黑麦草+白三叶+早熟禾+红三叶4种作物混播（SZ）、黑麦草+白三叶+早熟禾+红三叶+紫羊茅+毛苕子+波斯菊+百日草8种作物混播（BZ）三种覆盖作物模式，研究了不同覆盖作物模式对茶园0~15、15~30 cm两个土层土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响。结果表明：SZ处理0~15 cm土层的土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶活性均高于其他处理，15~30 cm土层土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶活性均高于其他处理，而蔗糖酶活性低于其他覆盖作物处理。与CK处理相比，覆盖作物增加了0~15 cm土层土壤微生物群落碳源平均颜色变化率（AWCD），且覆盖作物可改善0~15 cm土层土壤微生物丰富度指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数，而对15~30 cm土层影响较小。研究表明，覆盖作物可提升茶园土壤微生物群落功能多样性，且4种作物混播处理0~15 cm土层效果最优。

Effects of different cropping patterns on soil microbial community functional diversity in tea gardens

This study was performed in a tea garden in Xupingsi Village, Tanjiawan Town, Yunyang District, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, to evaluate the effects of different mulching crop patterns on soil microbial community functions in 0~15 and 15~30 cm soil layers of the tea garden. Four treatments were selected:Natural grasses(CK), ryegrass+white clover(EZ), ryegrass+white clover+bluegrass+red clover(SZ), and ryegrass+white clover+bluegrass+red clover+purple fescue+hairy raccoon+cosmos+zinnia(BZ). The results showed that the activities of urease, invertase, catalase, and phosphatase in the 0~15 cm soil layer treated with SZ were higher than those in the other treatments; The activities of urease, catalase, and phosphatase in the 15~30 cm soil layer treated with SZ were higher than those in the other treatments, whereas the activity of invertase was lower than that in the other mulching treatments. The mulching crops increased the average well color development(AWCD)of microbial communities in the 0~15 cm soil layer; AWCD was the highest in the SZ treatment, indicating the highest utilization efficiency of the carbon source. The mulching crops improved the soil microbial richness index, evenness index, and dominance index in the 0~15 cm soil layer, but had few effects on these parameters in the 15~30 cm soil layer. The results indicate that the mulching crops can improve soil enzyme activity and microbial community functional diversity, and SZ treatment had the best effect on the 0~15 cm soil layer. The findings of this study would be able to provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the effects of different mulching crop patterns on soil functional diversity of microbial communities in tea plantations in the future.