覆盖作物对茶园节肢动物群落多样性影响

本研究选取湖北省十堰市郧阳区谭家湾镇圩坪寺村茶园为研究对象，探讨几种禾本科、菊科、豆科植物不同配置方式对茶园节肢动物群落个体数、多样性时序特征的影响。试验共设置4个处理：自然留养杂草（CK）、黑麦草+白三叶2种作物混播（EZ）、黑麦草+白三叶+早熟禾+红三叶4种作物混播（SZ）、黑麦草+白三叶+早熟禾+红三叶+紫羊茅+毛苕子+波斯菊+百日草8种作物混播（BZ），采用陷阱法和马氏网收集调查节肢动物群落组成，分析多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数的时序变化。结果表明，自然留草和覆盖作物下茶园节肢动物群落组成基本一致，均表现为双翅目个体数最多，蜘蛛目个体数最少。与CK相比，不同覆盖作物处理下茶园鳞翅目个体数均显著增加，但3种覆盖作物处理间无显著差异，SZ处理下同翅目昆虫显著增加了92.47%（P<0.05）。不同处理间鞘翅目、膜翅目、双翅目、半翅目、直翅目和蜘蛛目的个体数差异不显著。不同覆盖作物下茶园节肢动物群落多样性、均匀度和丰富度指数动态变化趋势基本一致，各处理的丰富度指数均在8月26日达到最高值，9月30日3种覆盖作物处理的节肢动物群落丰富度均高于CK。与CK相比，EZ处理可显著增加茶园节肢动物群落的多样性指数，SZ处理可显著增加茶园节肢动物群落的多样性、丰富度和均匀度指数，BZ处理可显著增加茶园节肢动物群落的多样性和均匀度指数。

Effect of different cover crops on arthropod community diversity in a tea orchard

The effect of different arrangements of grasses, flowering plants(Asteraceae), and legume crops on the number and diversity dynamics of arthropod communities was determined in a tea orchard in Xupingsi Village, Tanjiawan Town, Yunyang District, Shiyan City, Hubei Province. For this, 4 treatments were established:Natural grasses(CK), ryegrass+white clover(EZ), ryegrass+white clover+bluegrass+ red clover(SZ), and ryegrass+white clover+bluegrass+red clover+purple fescue+hairy raccoon+cosmos+zinnia(BZ). The community composition and dynamics of richness index, divesity index, and evenness index of arthropods were determined. The results showed that the arthropod community composition in the tea orchard with different cover crops was similar to that in the tea orchard with CK, with the largest number of Diptera and the least number of Araneae insects. Compared with that in the CK, the number of Lepidoptera increased significantly under the different cover crop treatments(P<0.05), but no significant difference was noted among the three treatments(P>0.05). Homoptera insects increased significantly by 92.47%(P<0.05)under the SZ treatment. No significant differences in the number of individuals of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, and Araneae were noted among the different treatments(P>0.05). The dynamics of diversity, evenness, and richness indices of arthropod communities in the tea orchard with different cover crops were basically the same; The richness index was the highest on August 26 and was higher in the tea orchard with different cover crops than in that with natural grasses on September 30. The arthropod community diversity index for EZ treatment, the diversity, richness, and evenness indices for SZ treatment, and the diversity and evenness indices for BZ treatment were significantly higher than those of the CK in the tea orchard.