小麦白粉菌拮抗真菌的筛选、鉴定及生防效果研究

从小麦茎叶组织中分离内生真菌，通过小麦白粉菌的孢子萌发抑制实验，共得到4株对小麦白粉菌孢子萌发抑制效果较好的菌株，抑制率分别达到86.08%、83.12%、91.14%和96.23%。利用小麦离体叶段白粉病害防治试验测定不同拮抗菌株的发酵液防治效果，根据白粉病病情鉴定的6级分类标准鉴定小麦病级，并计算病情指数和防治效果。其中拮抗菌株BF11和BF19处理后，小麦白粉病病情有所减轻，防治效果分别为：82.14%和88.49%。形态学初步鉴定结果表明，BF11为镰孢霉属（Fusarium sp.）真菌，BF19为曲霉属（Aspergillus sp.）真菌。

Idenfication of Endophytic Fungi Antagonistic to Blumeria graminis and study on Biocontrol Efficacy

Endophytic fungi strains were isolated from stem and leaf of wheat.The new method with environmental safety was provided for biocontrol for wheat powdery mildew.According to the ability to inhibit asexual spore germination on bearing glass,4 isolates with antagonism were singled out and their control efficiency achieve to 86.07%,83.11%,91.14% and 96.23%,respectively.Fermentation filtrates of 4 strains were used to cure the disease development on detached wheat leaves.State of illness was identified according to the six standards and the Ind （% ） were calculated.The results showed that BF11 and BF19 had better preventing efficacy for Blumeria graminis.The state of illness about wheat powdery mildew alleviated and biocontrol efficacy of BF11 and BF19 were 82.14% and 88.49%.The characteristics of morphology suggested that the strain of BF11 was identified as Fusarium sp.and BF19 sp.was identified as Aspergillus.Endophytic fungi BF11 and BF19 could offer available resource for development of new biocontrol agents.