黄土高原节水生态型淤地坝建设的方法与措施

 淤地坝是黄土高原地区水土流失治理的关键措施。大规模建设淤地坝,不仅对于改善黄土高原地区的生态环境,促进经济社会的可持续发展,全面建设小康社会具有重要意义,而且对于减少入黄泥沙,确保黄河安澜也具有不可替代的重要作用。基于黄土高原地区淤地坝建设所取得的巨大成就,分析淤地坝数量、淤地面积和拦泥量按区域、流域的分布特征;针对淤地坝建设中存在的设计不合理、设计标准偏低、坝地非点源污染加剧、无效蒸发大等问题,提出了淤地坝单坝系统和节水生态型淤地坝的概念,以及建设节水生态型淤地坝的基本方法和保障措施。还分析了节水生态型淤地坝建设的案例,以期为淤地坝工程建设提供有关科学依据。

Methods and measures of building water saving and ecological sediment storage dam for farmland forming in the Loess Plateau

Sediment storage dam for farmland forming was a key measure for the soil erosion control in the Loess Plateau area. Their building on a large scale in proving ecological environment, promoting sustainable this area not only had an important significance to imeconomic and social development and building a relatively comfortable society in an all round way, but also played an unreplaceable role in reducing sediment entering the Yellow River and ensuring security of the river. On the basis of great obtained achievements of their building in this area, the distributing characteristics of their number, farmland areas built by sediment storage and sediment storage quantity by regions and river basins were analyzed. In the light of problems existing in the dams building, which included unreasonable design, low standard, severe pollution in non - point source of dam, large ineffective evaporation and so on, the concepts of individual dam system and water saving and ecological sediment storage dam for farmland forming were put forward. The basic methods of the dams building and its ensuring measures were also proposed. One case of the dam building was introduced and analyzed in order to provide scientific basis for the dams building on a large scale.