结缕草种质抗锈病表现田间联合测试与抗性种质筛选

为了评价前期结缕草（Zoysia japonica）抗病、感病种质评价与歧化选择的有效性，将已划分的抗病、感病和对照3组种质材料，分别于2010－2011年在山东省胶州市和2011年在江苏省扬州市发病高峰期观测了锈病（Puccinia zoysiae）的病叶率和发病严重度，并对观测结果分别进行了单个地点与年份、多个地点与年份的联合分析。2010年山东省胶州市测试的种质材料共计24份，2011年为21份；2011年江苏省扬州市评价的参试材料共计42份。结果表明，参试的抗病、感病和对照3组材料之间各观测地点和年份差异极显著（P<0.001）。与对照群体相比，抗锈病和感锈病两个方向的选择均取得了显著效果。同时，在各组内的参试种质材料之间，锈病的病叶率和发病严重度之间差异极显著（P<0.001）或显著（P<0.05）。除2010年山东省胶州市在各组内重复之间病叶率差异显著（P<0.05）外，2011年江苏省扬州市和山东省胶州市两地的病叶率和发病严重度在各组内重复间的差异均不显著（P>0.05）。以江苏省扬州市和山东省胶州市两个地点、两个年份合计3个点联合对相同的5份种质的发病严重度进行分析，锈病发病情况在地点、种质及地点与种质互作效应差异极显著（P<0.001），各重复间差异则不显著（P>0.05）。上述结果表明，结缕草锈病的发生在地点和年际之间存在差异，而在相同环境条件下，参试的材料存在显著的抗性和感性遗传差异，环境效应不显著，其中从胶东半岛采集的编号11 1的抗锈病种质材料在上述各点和各年份评价中均完全不发病，达到免疫水平；8 3材料受病原菌侵染后表现出组织坏死的病症，疑似具有延迟发病特征。这些种质为进一步开展结缕草抗锈病遗传及选育研究提供了有效的基础。

Study of combined field tests and selections for rust disease resistance in zoysiagrass

To evaluate the effectiveness of previous screening of rust disease resistance, germplasm and disruptive selection in zoysiagrass, three identified groups including resistant, susceptible and control lines were assessed for percent incidence and percent severity of rust disease in Jiaozhou, Shandong Province in 2010 and 2011, and in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province in 2011, respectively. A combined analysis was conducted under same location and multiple environment conditions, in which a location under one year was considered as one environment condition. 24 and 21 tested lines evaluated at Jiaozhou in 2010 and 2011, respectively, and 42 tested lines were evaluated at Yangzhou in 2011. The results indicated that extremely significant difference was showed among resistant, susceptible and control groups (P<0.001). Compared with control lines, both selections toward resistant and susceptible have made a significant effect. Within same group, differences of percent incidence and/or percent severity between tested lines were extremely significant (P<0.001) or significant (P<0.05). There were significant differences among blocks for percent severity in Jiaozhou in 2010 (P<0.05) and no significant differences between percent incidence and percent severity was indicated within blocks in Yangzhou and Jiaozhou in 2011(P>0.05). By a combined multiple environment conditions analysis for 5 tested lines, there were significant differences among percent incidence of rust disease observed within locations, among tested lines and interaction of locations and tested lines in zoysiagrass (P<0.001), and no significant differences among blocks (P>0.05). Above results demonstrated that occurrence of rust disease in zoysiagrass varied between locations and years. Under the same environmental condition, significant difference in resistance could be contributed to genotype effects other than environment effect. Out of these tested lines, a line coded as 11 1 which collected from Jiaodong peninsula possessed a total immune resistant in all two locations in 2010 and 2011. In addition, a line coded 8 3 showed necrosis symptom around rust infection point, suspected as a slow rusting material. These promising materials provide ideal lines for genetics and breeding program in the future for zoysiagrass rust disease.