农业水价综合改革背景下平原灌区农业用水激励机制研究

从农业用水户的角度,结合南方平原灌区实际,提出3种递进式的农业用水激励模式及相应测算公式,即“先交水费、后全额补贴”模式,基于合理用水定额的“先交水费、后差额补贴”模式,以及基于区域单位用水量的“先交水费、后差额补贴”模式,并测算分析了典型试点区内用水户的用水量、预交水费、奖惩金额、精准补贴额和实交水费等。结果表明,3种农业用水激励模式各有优缺点,可适用于改革进程的不同阶段。基于区域单位用水量的“先交水费、后差额补贴”模式充分体现了节奖超罚的原则,并最终达到区域内奖惩金额的动态平衡,促使用水户间相互督促、互相竞争,有利于充分调动用水户的节水积极性,提升用水户节水意识,具有推广应用价值。 

Study on the incentive mechanism of agricultural water management in irrigated plain areas under the background of comprehensive reform of agricultural water price

China is vigorously promoting the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price in order to promote agricultural water saving and sustainable development, but the progress of reform varies in different places. Water resources are relatively abundant in the irrigated areas of the Southern plain, but there is a large demand for seasonal water shortage and water saving and emission reduction. How to design a reasonable incentive mechanism for agricultural water is one of the key issues in the reform process, considering the actual characteristics and the dynamic process of reform. From the perspective of agricultural water users, according to the reality of the southern plain irrigation area, the study puts forward three kinds of progressive type of agricultural water incentive model and the corresponding calculation formula. They are named: a "pay water fee first, then full subsidy" model, a "pay water fee first, then the balance subsidy" model based on the reasonable water quota, and a "pay water fee first, then the balance subsidy" model based on regional water consumption per acre. We calculated and analyzed the water consumption, prepaid water fee, amount of reward and punishment, precise subsidy amount and actual water fee of the typical pilot areas. The results show that the three agricultural water incentive models have their advantages and disadvantages. They can be applied to different stages of the reform process. The third mode fully embodies the principle of saving reward and exceeding penalty, and finally achieves the dynamic balance of reward and punishment amount in the region. Promoting mutual supervision and competition among water users is conducive to fully mobilizing the initiative of water users and enhancing their awareness of water saving. It has the value of popularization and application.