黄淮海区域花生生产与品质现状及发展对策

黄淮海区域是中国重要的农产品生产基地。该区花生生产技术先进,单产水平高,出口基础好,加工业已见雏形,其种植规模与产量在全国占有举足轻重的地位,是稳定中国植物油市场的重要支柱。受生态条件所致,花生脂肪含量较高,蛋白质含量中等,油酸/亚油酸(O/L)比值普遍偏低。在空间分布上,蛋白质东高西低、南高北低、丘陵高于平原,脂肪由北向南逐渐降低,油亚比则由西向东、由北向南逐渐增高。黄曲霉毒素、丁酰肼和重金属含量超标已成为花生出口的主要障碍。该区应充分发挥花生产业优势,优化空间布局,培育优质专用型品种,推广先进适用栽培技术,强化标准化生产基地建设,延伸产业链条,提升深加工水平,实现区域花生产业可持续发展,确保国家油脂安全。

Situation of Production and Quality and Development Countermeasure of Peanut in Huang-Huai-Hai Region

Huang-Huai-Hai region is an important agricultural production base.The region has advanced technology,high unit yield,well exporting basis,formed rudiment of processing industry in peanut production,and its ’ planting scale and yields occupies a decisive position in China,furthermore,it is an important pillar for stabilizing vegetable oil market.Influence by conditions such as ecology and variety,peanut of the region has higher fat content,medium protein content and relatively low O/L.In spatial distribution,the trend of peanut protein content is ＂ high east and low west ＂ and ＂ high south and low north ＂ and ＂ high in hill region and low in plain region ＂ ,fat content gradually decreases form north to south,O/L gradually increases form north to south.Over standard of aflatoxin,daminozide and heavy metal content is the main obstacle of peanut export in the region.Seven cardinal principles such as developing peanut industrial superiority fully,optimizing space layout,cultivating high-quality and special varieties,expanding advanced cultivation technology,enhancing construction of standard production base,extending industrial chain and improving deep processing level must be followed for realizing sustainable development of peanut industry and ensuring national oil safety.