宿迁市常见草坪病害种类调查·病原鉴定及防治探讨

目的]明确江苏宿迁市常见草坪病害及对应病原种类,探讨合理的防治措施。方法]在宿迁市主要草坪种植区调查草坪病害发生情况,并采集病害标本。根据各种病害典型症状,结合相关资料进行初步诊断;针对不同病原菌种类,采用不同方法采集病源,进行分离、纯化、诱导及鉴定。对各类病害的危害症状、各类病原菌形态进行文字描述和拍摄。结果]宿迁市草坪中分布最广、危害最严重的病害（病原物）种类有：高羊茅腐霉枯萎病（瓜果腐霉菌Pythium aphanidermatum）、高羊茅褐斑病（立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani）、高羊茅锈病（叶锈菌Puccinia recondite）、黑麦草锈病（禾冠柄锈菌Puccinia coronata）、马蹄金白绢病（齐整小核菌Sclexotium rolfsii）等;病害的防治重点应放在由土壤习居菌所引致的草坪草根部及根茎部病害;建议的防治方法有栽培措施、物理防治等。结论]该研究为宿迁市常见草坪病害的合理防治提供了理论依据。

Study on Common Types, Identification of Pathogens and Control of Lawn Disease in Suqian City

Objective]In order to clarify the common types and pathogens of lawn diseases in Suqian city,and search reasonable control measures.Method]The occurrence situation of lawn diseases was investigated and the specimens were collected in main lawn planting areas of Suqian city.According to the symptom of the diseases,combing with related statistics,the diseases types were preliminary judged;different collection method were used for different pathogens of lawn diseases;the pathogens were isolated,purified,induced and identified further.Describe the damaged symptom of the diseases,morphology of the pathogens both in writing and photo.Result]Tall fescue Pythium diseases(Pythium aphanidermatum),brown patch of tall fescue(Rhizoctonia solani),tall fescue rust(Puccinia recondite),ryegrass rust(Puccinia coronata),Southern sclerotium Blight(Sclexotium rolfsii) in Dichondra repens,etc.,were the most widely distributed and the worst damaged diseases(pathogens).Root diseases,root and stem diseases of the lawn caused by the soil inhabitants should be taken as the focal point in the control;control methods of the physics and cultural practices were pointed out in this paper.Conclusion]It provided the theoretic basis for the reasonable control of the common diseases in lawn of Suqian city.