不同种仁率山楂品种花粉量及花粉活力的测定

试验结果表明,种仁率分别为10.70%、18.50%、29.00%、41.70%、77.00%、80.00%、86.00%和86.20%的山楂品种聂家峪2号、甜水、西丰红、徐州大货、大金星、益都红口、秋金星和山东红面楂,其花粉量分别为每花药44133.2、52933.2、46923.5、41563.2、52364.0、57693.2、39200.0、62400.0粒;除甜水和大金星之间的花粉量差异不显著外,品种之间差异均达极显著水平;以山东红面楂的花粉量最多。在采用5%琼脂+100μg/g硼酸+10 g/L蔗糖的适宜培养基上培养4 h后观测的花粉萌发率分别为87.50%、81.50%、51.40%、68.50%、70.20%、62.30%、85.10%和56.20%;品种间差异明显,其中聂家峪2号的花粉萌发率最高。8个山楂品种的种仁率与花粉量和花粉萌发率之间无显著的相关性。本试验还观测了不同培养时间和4种培养基条件下的花粉萌发率和花粉管长度,证明观察花粉活力时间以培养4 h后的观测效果最好。

Study of Pollen Quantity and Vitality of Hawthorn Cultivars with Different Kernel Percentage

The pollen quantity and vitality of 8 hawthorn cultivars with different kernel percentage were studied in this paper.Niejiayu 2, Tianshui,Xifenghong,Xuzhoudahuo,Dajinxing,Yiduhongkou,Qiujinxing and Shandonghongmianzha were used as the materials,whose kernel percentage is 10.70%,18.50%,29.00%,41.70%,77.00%,80.00%,86.00% and 86.20% respectively.It was found that their pollen quantity were 44 133.2,52 933.2,46 923.5,41 563.2,52 364.0,57 693.2,39 200.0,62 400.0 per anther respectively.The pollen quantity of different cultivars were significantly different except Tianshui and Dajinxing.Shandonghongmianzha had the most pollens per anther.The appropriate time to observe the pollen germination was four hours after culture in the medium of 5% agar+100 μg/g boric acid +10 g/L sucrose,and the pollen germination rate of the 8 cultivars were 87.50%,81.50%,51.40%,68.50%,70.20%,62.30%,85.10% and 56.20% respectively,which were significantly different between varieties.Niejiayu2 showed the highest pollen germination rate.There was no significant correlation between the kernel percentage and the pollen quantity as well as the pollen germination rate.