两型豆种子硬实特性及其休眠破除方法

目的]了解两型豆(Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth.)种子硬实特性,探讨破除种子休眠的方法。方法]以两型豆种子为材料,观察种子形态特征,并采用浓硫酸处理、热水烫种、机械损伤3种方法处理两型豆地上种子,探讨两型豆地上种子的硬实特性和破除种子休眠的方法,同时探讨两型豆种子萌发的适宜温度。结果]两型豆地上种子为扁圆形,长3.38 mm,宽3.02 mm,厚1.88 mm,千粒重为15.32 g,自然成熟后硬实率高达98%,地下种子近扁球形,最大直径可达15 mm,百粒重50.08～58.26 g;破除硬实方法中,以划破种皮和浓硫酸处理20 min效果最好,热水烫种处理效果最差;20～30℃恒温条件是两型豆地上种子萌发的最适温度,而30/20℃变温为两型豆地下种子萌发的最适温度。结论]破除两型豆种子硬实效果最好的方法是划破种皮和浓硫酸处理20 min。

Study on Characters of Hard Seeds of Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth.(Leguminosae) and Methods for Breaking Dormancy

Objective] This study aimed to understand the characters of hard seeds of Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth.(Leguminosae) and explore the methods for breaking dormancy.Method] For both aerial and underground seeds of Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth.,the morphological characteristics were observed and the appropriate temperature for germination was explored.For aerial seeds of Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth.,the characters of hard seeds were studied,and concentrated sulfuric acid treatment,hot water soak treatment and mechanical damage treatment were compared to explore the methods for breaking seed dormancy.Result] The aerial seeds were oblate and averaged 3.38 mm in length,3.02 mm in width,1.88 mm in thickness,15.32 g in thousand grain weight,with a hard seed rate after of up to 98% natural maturation.The underground seeds were approximately oblate with a maximum diameter of 15 mm and a hundred grain weight of(50.08-58.26 g);among all the treatments for breaking hardseededness,cutting seed coat treatment and concentrated sulfuric acid treatment for 20 minutes were the most effective methods,whereas hot water soak treatment was the least effective method;constant temperature between 20 ℃ and 30 ℃ was most appropriate for the germination of aerial seeds,and alternative temperature of 30/20 ℃ was most appropriate for the germination of underground seeds.Conclusion] Cutting seed coat treatment and concentrated sulfuric acid treatment for 20 minutes were the most effective methods to break the hardseededness of Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth..