金沙江干热河谷扭黄茅花粉微形态及活力研究

[目的]为丰富抗旱耐热的育种材料来源提供依据。[方法]对来自金沙江干热河谷不同地区的扭黄茅花粉形态进行了电镜扫描观察,并采用碘-碘化钾(I-KI)染色法进行活力测定。[结果]扭黄茅花粉粒为中等大小花粉粒,花粉形态为近球型,花粉壁纹饰为粗糙型,萌发孔为单一萌发孔,萌发孔有孔环,表明扭黄茅具有进化性状,但是进化程度较低,仍属于原始状态,与扭黄茅为野生状态相一致。金沙江沿岸永胜、攀枝花、元谋扭黄茅的花粉活力为80.00%～87.10%,差异不显著(P0.05)。永胜地区扭黄茅花粉活力为82.19%～87.00%,不同扭黄茅材料间的花粉活力差异也不显著(P0.05)。[结论]金沙江沿岸各地区的扭黄茅花粉形态与结构基本一致,表明其是一个自然类群。

Study on the Pollen Micro-morphological Characters and Viability of Heteropogon contortus from Jinshajiang Dry-hot Valley

[Objective] The research aimed to provide basis for enriching the breeding materials with heat-resistance and drought-resistance.[Method] The pollen morphology of Heteropogon contortus from different areas of Jinshajiang dry-hot valley was observed by using electron microscope scanning.And the pollen viability was measured by using iodine-iodine kalium staining method.[Result] The pollen grains were medium size,spheroidal shape,with rough type extine sculpture and single germinal aperture and annular ring.This indicated that H.contortus had the typical evolutionary character,with low evolutionary level,belonging to the original state,which was accordant with the wild strain of H.contortus.The pollen viability of H.contortus from Yongsheng,Panzhihua and Yuanmou along Jinshajiang River was 80.00%-87.10%,without significant difference(P>0.05).The pollen viability of H.contortus from Yongsheng area was 82.19%-87.00%,and the difference of pollen viability among different materials of H.contortus was not significant(P>0.05).[Conclusion] The pollen grains micro-morphological characters and its viability of H.contortus from different areas along Jinshajiang River was basically accordant,which indicated that they belonged to the same natural population.