河北省康保县主要农作物收益比较分析

河北省康保县位于省西北部的坝上高原,是农业县。2010年笔者通过比较康保县种植的各种农作物的成本、收益,得出不同农作物收益存在显著的差异。当年康保县农作物商品率从大到小的排列依次为:红豆>马铃薯>胡麻>菜籽>莜麦>小麦>豌豆;而农作物的纯收益最高的是马铃薯(14 645元/hm2),其播种面积仅占总耕地面积的4.35%,其次是红豆(6 028元/hm2),其播种面积仅占总耕地面积的2.82%。因此,今后应扩大马铃薯与红豆的种植面积。由从事农业生产者的着眼点分析,当代农民仍有很重的自给自足的思想,耕地的利用率不够理想,没能使土地收益最大化。一般农户用48%的土地生产口粮,而没有尽可能地把土地用于生产比较效益较高的作物,生产小麦、莜麦农户数占总农户数的比例分别为78.57%、67.86%。因此,农业管理部门应加强对农民的基础教育与宣传工作,调整农业种植结构,提高农民收益改善全县的农业生产状况。同时应大力推广农业机械租赁形式的农机化运作模式,以解决农村劳动力不足问题,扩大生产,提高劳动生产率,提高农户的家庭收入。

Comparative Analysis on Main Crops Benefits in Kangbao County in Hebei Province

Kanbao County is located in Bashang Plateau in northwest of Hebei Province.Through the comparison of cost and benefit of each crop in Kangbao County in 2010,it was found that there is significant differences among different crop benefit.The order of commodity rate was red bean> potato> flax> rape seed> hulless oat> wheat> pea.The highest pure income was potato(14 645 Yuan/hm2),the planting area accounting for 4.35%,the second was red bean(6 028 Yuan/hm2),accounting for 2.82%.Thus,the planting area of potato and red bean should be enlarged.Due to farmers’ self-sufficient thought,farmland utilization rate was not proper.At last,several advices were put forward,such as strengthening farmers’ basic education and publicity work,adjusting agriculture planting structure,improving farmers’ income,extending agriculture machine lease,so as to solve problem of insufficient labors,extend production,improve labour productivity.