大型排土场“径流分散”水蚀控制模式及其设计探讨——以山西省安太堡大型露天煤矿排土场为例

 以安太堡露天煤矿排土场16年水土保持实践为基础,通过调查观测,对半干旱黄土区大型排土场水蚀控制进行分析研究。初步提出排土场“径流分散”水蚀控制模式,将排土场划分为若干径流分散单元,使暴雨径流在各单元间均匀分散,避免暴雨径流大量汇集造成的冲蚀和灌缝,并在分散单元内实施径流调节和进行合理的植被配置,同时在径流关键汇集路径设置排水主渠,以抵御特大暴雨对分散单元的破坏。根据排土场径流小区1993—2002年定位观测和试验资料,对典型径流分散单元的挡水埂和植被配置进行初步设计。该径流分散模式可操作性强,不仅能有效控制半干旱区排土场水蚀,而且有利于排土场植被的快速建立和恢复。

Probing Research on Runoff-dispersing Erosion Control Pattern and its Design in Large Dump in the Case of the Dump of Antaibu Opencast Coal Mine in Shanxi Province

Based on the 16 years' practice of soil and water conservation in the dump of Antaibu opencast mine, the water erosion control measures of large dump are studied, and the runoff-dispersing erosion control pattern is put forward. The pattern divided the whole dump into many runoff-dispersing units, and the runoff resulting from storm can be dispersed evenly. Thus the water erosion is under control and the large quantity of runoff flowing into the fissures will not occur. At the same time, the measures of runoff regulation and proper vegetation in each unit are also taken. Besides, drainage ditches in key influx routes are built to prevention of the flood caused by runoff-dispersing units destroyed under the condition of severe storm. Further, based on the plots experiments and vegetation investigation in 1993—2002, the typical unit and its vegetation pattern in the dump are designed preliminarily. This runoff-dispersing pattern, which is of good maneuverability, can not only control the dump water erosion effectively, but also can help to establish vegetation as soon as possible.