南方地区发酵床奶牛舍四个季节舍内环境卫生指标比较

试验旨在比较分析南方地区发酵床奶牛舍四个季节舍内环境卫生指标。主要测定了舍内温度、相对湿度、噪音、细菌密度、氨气浓度和温湿度指数等指标并分析了其间的相关性。结果表明:温度在四季间差异显著(P<0.05),夏季高达32.43℃,冬季低至1.53℃;春季、夏季和秋季的相对湿度显著高于冬季(P<0.05);温湿度指数(THI)在四季间差异显著(P<0.05);夏季和冬季的噪音显著高于春季和秋季(P<0.05);春季和秋季的细菌密度显著高于夏季和冬季(P<0.05);夏季氨气浓度为3.92 mg/m^3,显著高于其他季节的(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,一年中,牛舍温度与THI呈正高度相关关系(P<0.01),其余指标间相关性不高(|r|<0.70)或不相关(P>0.05)。另外,季节内的环境指标相关性分析表明:秋、冬季的温度和THI间皆呈正相关(P<0.01),冬季的温度与细菌密度呈正相关(P<0.05);春季的THI、噪音和细菌密度三者之间均呈正相关(P<0.05);秋季的氨气浓度与噪音高度也呈正相关关系(P<0.01)。综上,南方地区发酵床奶牛舍内,四季的环境卫生指标均达到了卫生标准,但夏季THI较高为85.36,奶牛易处于中度热应激状态。

Comparison on Environmental Hygiene Indexes inside Fermentation-bed Cowshed in Four Seasons in Southern Regions

The purpose of this experiment was to compare and analyze the environmental hygiene indexes in fermentation-bed cowshed in the four seasons in southern regions. The temperature, relative humidity, noise, bacterial density, ammonia concentration and THI were measured and their correlations were analyzed. The results showed that there was significant difference in temperature between the four seasons(P<0.05), summer was at 32.43 ℃, while winter was at 1.53 ℃. Relative humidity in spring, summer and autumn was significantly higher than that in winter(P<0.05). There was significant difference in THI between the four seasons(P<0.05). Noise in summer and winter was significantly higher than that in spring and autumn(P<0.05);bacterial density in spring and autumn was significantly higher than that in summer and winter(P<0.05). The ammonia concentration in summer was 3.92 mg/m^3, which was significantly higher than that in other seasons(P<0.05). The seasonal correlations analysis showed that temperature was highly positively correlated with THI(P<0.01), but other indexes were not highly correlated(|r|<0.70) or not correlated(P>0.05). In addition, there was a certain correlation between environmental indicators in different seasons: temperature and THI in autumn and winter were highly positively correlated(P<0.01), also temperature and bacterial density in winter were highly positively correlated(P<0.05). Moreover, there was a high positive correlation among THI, noise and bacterial density in spring(P<0.05). Finally, the concentration of ammonia was positively correlated with noise in autumn(P<0.01).Overall,the environmental hygiene in fermentation-bed cowshed in four seasons have reached the sanitary standard. However, the summer THI was high which was 85.36, and the cows may in a state of moderate heat stress.