烯效唑和胺鲜酯对大豆叶片光合特性与碳代谢的调控效应

为探究化控技术对大豆盛花、盛荚和鼓粒期光合特性与碳代谢的调控效果,采用大田试验,于垦丰41初花期叶面喷施烯效唑(S3307)和胺鲜酯(DTA-6),以喷施清水作为对照,测定各生育时期光合参数、碳代谢产物及其相关酶、干物质和产量构成因素。结果表明:烯效唑和胺鲜酯能显著提高各生育时期的水分利用效率、净光合速率、SPAD、蔗糖与淀粉含量、及盛花期和盛荚期的气孔导度和蒸腾速率。胺鲜酯显著降低各生育时期转化酶活性,提高蔗糖合成酶与蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性,在盛荚期效果尤为显著,烯效唑可提高各生育时期蔗糖合成酶与蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性并降低花期转化酶活性。与对照相比,胺鲜酯和烯效唑提高盛花期叶和茎分配率,降低叶柄分配率,胺鲜酯显著提高各生育时期的单株干物质积累并降低盛荚期叶分配率,烯效唑显著提高盛花期单株干物质积累和盛荚期荚分配率。胺鲜酯和烯效唑可不同程度调控单株荚数、单株粒数和百粒重,提高产量,胺鲜酯和烯效唑的增产率分别达到8.78%和7.16%。说明烯效唑和胺鲜酯能够有效提高大豆各生育时期光合作用能力,促进碳代谢产物及相关酶的合成,有利于提高产量,且胺鲜酯作用效果最佳,增产率最高。

Effects of Uniconazole and Diethyl Aminoethyl Hexanoate on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Carbon Metabolism of Soybean Leaves

In order to explore the effects of chemical control technology on photosynthetic characteristics and carbon metabolism of soybean in flowering, podding and seed-filling stages, Kenfeng 41 was used as material to spray uniconazole(S3307)and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate(DTA-6)on the leaves of soybean in early flowering stage, and clean water was sprayed as control. Photosynthetic parameters, carbon metabolites and their related enzymes, dry matter and yield components were measured at different growth stages. The results showed that: Uniconazole and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate could significantly increase the water use efficiency, net photosynthetic rate, SPAD, the content of sucrose and starch in different growth stages and stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in flowering and podding stages. Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate significantly decreased invertase activity and increased sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase activity at different growth stages, especially at podding stage. Uniconazole could increase sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase activity at different growth stages and reduce invertase activity at flowering stage. Compared with the control, uniconazole and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate increased the distribution rate of leaves and stems, decreased the distribution rate of petioles at flowering stage, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate significantly increased the dry matter accumulation per plant in different growth stages and decreased the distribution rate of leaves at podding stage, uniconazole significantly increased the dry matter accumulation per plant and the distribution rate of pods at podding stage.Uniconazole and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate could regulate pod number per plant, seed number per plant and 100-seed weight in varying degrees to increase yield. The yields of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and uniconazole increased by 8.78% and 7.16%, respectively. In conclusion, uniconazole and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate can effectively improve the photosynthetic capacity of soybean at different growth stages, promote the synthesis of carbon metabolites and related enzymes, and it’s help for improving yield. Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate has the best effect and the highest yield.