AM真菌与西瓜枯萎病关系初探

 在温室盆栽条件下研究了丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza,AM)真菌Gigaspora rosea Nicol.& Schenck、Glomusmosseae(Nicol.& Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe和Glomus versiforme(Karsten) Berch与西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. niveum)的关系。结果表明,接种AM真菌能促进西瓜植株的生长发育,增加植株干重;显著减少根内和根围土壤中镰刀菌群体数量及其对根系的侵染率;降低枯萎病发病率和病情指数,从而减轻西瓜枯萎病的危害。接种F.oxysporum f. sp. niveum能降低AM真菌对西瓜的侵染率,并且AM真菌与镰刀菌的不同接种时间和顺序影响西瓜枯萎病的发生发展,证实AM真菌与镰刀菌存在竞争关系。另外,AM真菌对西瓜高感枯萎病品种的防治效果优于抗病品种,说明高感品种对菌根的依赖性较大。

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA FUNGI AND FUSARIUM WILT OF WATERMELON

The relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Gigaspora rosea Nicol.& Schenck, Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe, Glomus versiforme (Karsten) Berch and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum) of watermelon was investigated under green house conditions. Results showed that inoculating with AMF were able to increase seedling growth and dry weight of water melon, and significantly reduced the pathogen propagula in roots and the rhizosphere soil, as well as root infection percen tage and disease incidence and disease index. The development of wilt disease was affected by different inoculation time and inoculation sequences of AMF and the pathogen. It was suggested that there was competition between AMF and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum. In addition, the disease control effects on high susceptible cultivars was greater than those on high resistance cultivars, indicating that the former was more dependent on mycorrhiza.