江河源区草地退化与生态环境的综合治理

严重退化的高寒草甸——黑土滩,是江河源区生态环境恶化的综合标志。根据甘肃草原生态研究所、青海省气象局和中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所各自研究所获结果的基础,作者提出了新的认识,气候变异是江河源区高寒草甸退化的主要原因,不合理的草地利用加剧了黑土滩的蔓延和危害。在此基础上,提出了江河源区退化草地综合治理与恢复的措施,生态治理与整顿放牧相结合,开展以“小流域”为单元的综合治理,应用3S技术精确规划、引进关键技术等;天然草地围栏,暖棚建设,多年生人工草地建植,太阳能利用是可引进的关键技术。

Grassland deterioration in the source region of the Yangtze-Yellow rivers and integrated control of the ecological environment

Black Barren indicates seriously deteriorated alpine meadow.It is a comprehensive sign of ecological environment deterioration in the Yangtze-Yellow rivers source region.Climatic warming is the principal cause of deteriorated alpine meadow in this region,and excessive grassland utilization enhances the expansion and damage of the Black Barren.Four recommendations are made for changing excessive grassland utilization,i.e.to combine ecological control with grazing adjustment,to carry out integrated control in the base of small river valleys,to apply 3S technology for accurate planning,and to introduce key technologies.Fencing natural grassland,warm pen construction,establishment of perennial pastures,use of solar energy are key techniques to be introduced soon.