基于加权灰色关联模型优选夏玉米沟灌方式

该文建立加权灰色关联综合评价模型，基于夏玉米耗水量、产量及其构成因素（穗长、穗周长、穗粒数、穗行数、百粒质量和产量）对沟灌方式进行优选。结果表明，同一水分控制下限，无论是产量综合评价，还是耗水及水分利用效率综合评价，宽垄沟灌种植模式的灰色关联综合评价均优于常规沟灌种植模式；其中灌水控制下限为田间持水量的70%（field water holding capacity, FC）的宽垄沟灌种植处理在第2层综合评价中耗水评价虽然位次第3，但产量评价和水分利用效率评价位次第1，在第1层综合评价中灰色关联度最大（0.852），故灌水控制下限为70%（70%FC）最佳；其次为灌水控制下限为60%（60%FC）的宽垄沟灌种植处理，关联度为0.788，60%FC与70%FC二者关联度相差较小。加权灰色关联综合评价模型的评判结果与大田试验结果相吻合。因此，最终方案的最终选定可根据当地水资源状况而定，对于水资源相对丰富地区建议采用W70灌水方式，对于水资源相对匮乏地区建议采用W60灌水方式。研究可为灰色关联度方法在节水灌溉研究中的应用提供参考。

Optimization of furrow irrigation mode for summer maize based on weighted grey correlation model

A suitable cultivation mode directly affects the effect of water saving and yield of crops. In order to study the application of the grey correlation model in the research of water saving irrigation, based on water consumption, yield and its components (spike length, ear perimeter, grain number per spike, rows per ear, hundred grain weight, yield) of summer maize, this paper used the improved grey correlation evaluation model to optimize irrigation methods. The test was carried out in North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power located at 34°47′N and 113°46′E and altitude 110.4 m from June 2, 2012 to September 18, 2012. Two kinds of planting modes under furrow irrigation (conventional furrow irrigation and wide ridge and furrow irrigation) were set up, and each mode included 3 kinds of water control lower limit: soil moisture control lower limit of 60%FC (field water holding capacity), 70%FC and 80%FC. The results showed that in a single level comprehensive evaluation and under the same planting mode, the summer maize yield evaluation at 70%FC was highest, the evaluation value of wide ridge and furrow planting was 0.977. Under the same planting mode, the correlation degree of water consumption evaluation index decreased with the increase of the lower limit of the water control, and the water consumption of wide ridge planting with irrigation low limit of 60%FC was the least, which was 349.66 mm, and the evaluation values of water consumption was 1.000. Under the condition of wide ridge planting mode, the water use efficiency of the 3 kinds of water treatments was higher than that of the conventional planting, and water use efficiency of wide ridge planting of 70%FC was the highest and water use efficiency of conventional planting of 80%FC was the lowest, which was 1.97 and 1.41 kg/m3, respectively, and the evaluation value of water use efficiency was 1.000 and 0.333, respectively. With the same water control lower limit, the comprehensive evaluation of yield and water consumption and water use efficiency of wide ridge and furrow irrigation planting mode was better than that of conventional furrow irrigation planting mode, indicating that the wide ridge planting compared to conventional furrow irrigation has certain effect of water saving and yield increasing. In the comprehensive evaluation of first layers, the grey relational degree of wide ridge and furrow irrigation cultivation with irrigation low limit of 70%FC was the biggest (0.852), so the lower irrigation limit for 70%FC was best. The grey relational degree of wide ridge and furrow irrigation cultivation with irrigation low limit of 60%FC was second (0.788) only to 70%FC, and the evaluation results of the weighted grey relational comprehensive evaluation model were consistent with the field test results. Therefore, the selection of the irrigation and planting mode was suggested to be based on local water resources. For the relatively abundant water resources area, wide ridge and furrow irrigation with irrigation low limit of 70%FC was recommended and wide ridge and furrow irrigation cultivation with irrigation low limit of 60%FC was recommended to use for areas with relatively scarce water resources. The research can guide the application of the weighted grey correlation method in the research of water-saving irrigation.