中国黄土滑坡灾害概述

中国的黄土面积约占国土总面积的6.63%,是世界上黄土分布最广的国家。由于自然条件的限制,滑坡灾害频繁发生,已成为黄土地区社会经济发展的主要障碍。本文通过不同分类指标,把黄土地区滑坡概化为9种类型,并重点分析黄土地区滑坡灾害的时空分布特点以及黄土地区滑坡的影响因子即滑坡机理。指出黄土地区的滑坡在空间分布上与地质构造、地形地貌、地震发育情况、降水密切相关;从地形地貌、地层岩性、新构造运动和地震活动情况、水的影响以及人类活动不同方面对黄土地区滑坡的发生机理进行了分析,发现黄土地区存在易发生滑坡的先天自然条件,而人类活动又加速了滑坡的发生。本文指出控制黄土地区滑坡灾害,寻找最佳防治对策是当前的紧迫任务。表1参14。

Landslide disaster in the loess area of China

China is the country with most widely distributed loess area in the world, and its loess area accounts of 6.63% of total nation land area. The landslide disaster occurs frequently for complex natural condition and becomes major factors hindering the social and economic development of loess regions. Through different indexes, the authors divided the landslides into 9 principal types and analyzed the distribution characteristics of loess landslide in time and space, the affecting factors and mechanism of landslides. It is pointed out that time and spatial distributions of landslides are closely correlative to topographic and geomorphic conditions, earthquake and rainfall, and the key influencing factors include topography, geomorphology, new tectonic movements, earthquake activity, surface water, ground water and human activities. The authors emphasized that the natural condition of loess areas was favorable to landslides, human activities impelled its occurrence and that controlling the loess landslide was an urgent task for sustainable development in the loess zone.