新疆加工番茄根腐病主要致病菌的生物学特性

目的]查明新疆加工番茄根腐病主要致病菌的生物学特性,为进一步了解其发病条件和防治打下基础.方法]选取以往鉴定的加工番茄根腐病的主要代表性菌株,采用实验室常规方法进行测定.结果]供试加工番茄的主要致病腐霉菌、疫霉菌和丝核菌适宜生长温度为20～35℃,供试三种镰刀菌适宜生长温度为20～30℃,这些菌在pH 5～11均可以生长,在pH 6～8时生长最好,随着pH值的增大,菌丝生长量下降.各供试腐霉菌和疫霉菌在PDA和CMA培养基上生长较好,而供试各镰刀菌在PSA上生长最快.通过越冬菌态测定初步查明:供试各腐霉菌和疫霉菌均以卵孢子在土壤中越冬,而镰孢菌主要以厚垣孢子和分生孢子越冬.结论]加工番茄根腐病的主要致病菌适宜在中性土壤环境里生长,供试各腐霉菌、疫霉菌和丝核菌在25～35℃生长较快,而供试各镰刀菌在25～30℃生长良好.初步试验供试各主要腐霉菌和疫霉菌以卵孢子越冬,镰刀菌主要以厚垣孢子和分生孢子越冬.

Study on the Biological Characteristics of the Major Pathogen of the Root- rot Disease of the Processing Tomatoes in Xinjiang

【Objective】To detect the biological characteristics of the major pathogen of the Xinjiang processing potatoes and lay a foundation for further understanding its occurrence condition and control.【Method】Major representative strains were selected from previous identified root-rot disease of processing tomatoes and conventional lab method were used for detection.【Result】 The result showed that the optimal temperature for the growth of tested Pythium,Rrhizocton and Phytophthora was between 20-35℃,the optimal temperature for the growth of the three tested Fusarium was between 20-30℃.These fungi could grow between pH values of 5-11.They grow better between pH value of 6-8.With the increase of pH value,the mycelium growth decrease.The tested Pythium and Phytophthora grow relatively well in PDA and CMA culture medium,while the tested Fusarium grow fast in PSA culture medium.The over-winter test showed that all tested Pythium and Phytophthora over-wintered by way of oospores in the soil while Fusarium overwintered by Clamydo spores and conidiospore.【Conclusion】The major pathogen of the root-rot disease of the processing tomato grew better in neutral soil environment.The tested Pythium,Phytophthora and Rhizocton grow fast between temperature of 25-35℃,while tested Fusarium grown well around 25-30℃.The preliminary test indicated that all major Pythium and Phytophthora overwintered by oospores,while Fusarium overwintered by Clamydo spores and conidiospore.