生活圈视角下天津市中心城区公共服务设施配置的空间差异

城市公共服务设施配置直接影响到居民生活幸福感。文中基于高德地图数据,运用核密度、Ripley′s K、Z-Score等分析方法,从生活圈视角对天津市中心城区公共服务设施的空间差异进行分析。结果表明:(1)天津市中心城区公共服务设施分布整体表现出典型的"单中心"结构特征,不同类别公共服务设施存在显著差异。(2)居民可达设施数量及类别在空间上呈现圈层分布,由中心向四周迅速降低,并且海河两侧可达设施数量及类别差异明显。(3)街道之间及街道内部居住小区之间的可达性差异明显,表现出低水平-低差异、低水平-高差异、高水平-低差异及高水平-高差异四种类型。(4)街道尺度上公共服务设施可达性综合分值与人口密度空间匹配情况分为低水平-低密度、低水平-高密度、高水平-低密度及高水平-高密度四种类型。研究结果可为生活圈视角下天津市中心城区公共服务设施优化配置提供依据。

Spatial differences of public service facilities in central urban area of Tianjin from the perspective of life circle

The complete configuration of urban public service facilities directly affects the happiness of residents’lives.Based on GaoDe map data,Kernel Density,Ripley’s K,Z-Score and other methods were applied in this study to analyze the spatial differences of public service facilities in the central urban area of Tianjin from the perspective of life circle.The results show that:(1)The public service facilities in the central urban area of Tianjin are unevenly distributed,and the overall structure shows a typical"mono-centric"system,but there are significant differences in types of public service facilities.(2)The number and types of accessible facilities for residents is distributed in a circle in space,which decreases significantly from the center to the surroundings.At the same time,the number of accessible facilities on both sides of the Haihe River is significantly different.(3)The accessibility differences between streets and residential communities within streets are obvious,showing low level-low disparity,low level-high disparity,high level-low disparity and high level-high disparity.(4)The comprehensive score of accessibility of public service facilities and the spatial matching of population density at the street scale are divided into low level-low density,low level-high density,high level-low density and high level-high density four types.The research results can provide a basis for the optimal allocation of public service facilities in the central urban area of Tianjin from the perspective of life circle.