油菜阶段营养特性与复肥施用效应

采用田间试验研究油菜的阶段营养特性和N,P,K复肥配比的效应。结果表明,油菜在P素营养的基础上,生长前期以K素营养占主导,其次为N素,而后期(开花后)则以N素占优势,K素次之。高N配量,前期N素释放较多,有利于植株营养体生长,但后期供N不足。增大P,K配量,可调节复肥养分的释放和稳定N,P,K的供应量比,有利于平衡作物前后期的生长发育,提高产量和品质。在灰棕紫泥上,油菜以N:P:K=2:1:1的配比最佳,分别比3:1:1和1:1:1增产13.07％和6.80％,提高粗脂肪含量9.94％和6.10％。

NITRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF RAPE AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES AND THE EFFECTS OF COMPLEX FERTILIZER APPLICATION

In a field experiment with rape, three complex fertilizers were adopted with N, P and K in them at the ratios of 15-5-5 (CF1), 16-8-8 (CF2) and 10-10-10 (CF3). On the basis of P nutrition, K nutrition level of the rape plant was found to be higher than N nutrition at the early development stages and lower than N nutrition at the late stages. In CF1 treatment (high N proportion) , more N release was found in the soil at the early stages of the crop and less N release at its late growth stages. Nitrient liberation could be adjusted by changing the proportions of N, P and K in the complex fertilizer. As compared with CF1 and CF3, the treatment of CF2 increased rapeseed yield by 13. 07 and 6. 80% and crude fat by 9. 94 and 6. 10%, respectively. Therefore, a ratio of N:P:Kof 2:1:1is recommended for the rape crop grown on the soil tested.