乌鲁木齐南山小渠子土壤螨类群落结构研究

[目的]研究乌鲁木齐南部山区不同土地利用类型下土壤螨类群落结构特征及季节动态变化规律，为开展人类活动对市郊旅游胜地土壤环境质量影响的生物学评价提供科学依据。[方法]采用常规野外采样方法和改良的Ttdlgren分离法对该山区针叶林、山地草原、阔叶林、山地灌木林、山地耕地及居民点6种不同生境土壤螨类群落结构特征、季节动态及其与环境要素的关系进行分析。[结果]共获得土壤螨类7135只，隶属蜱螨亚纲的4亚目57科87属，其中甲螨亚目5785只54属38科，占总采集量的81．08％：中气门亚目1077只19属14科，占总采集量的15．09％；前气门亚目270只4属4科，占总采集量的3．78％；无气门亚目3只1属1科，占总采集量的0．04％。其中，小奥甲螨属为优势类群，占总捕获量螨类的10．06％，盖头甲螨属和真前翼甲螨属为亚优势属，占总捕获量的12．27％。礼服甲螨属、滑缝甲螨属、珠足甲螨属、洼甲螨属和懒甲螨属等35属为常见类群，占总捕获量的76．73％；优势类群和常见类群共占总数量的98．96％。广缝甲螨属、龙足甲螨属、卷甲螨属、沙足甲螨属和缰板鳃甲螨属等19属均为稀有类群，仅占总捕获量的0．94％。土壤螨类个体数和类群数组成在不同生境、不同土层以及不同季节间具有显著差异（P〈0．05）。其中，个体数的水平分布依次为针叶林〉山地灌木林〉山地草原〉山地耕地〉阔叶林〉居民地；垂直分布具有明显的表聚性，即表层〉中层〉下层。个体数量的季节变化依次为秋季〉冬季〉夏季〉春季。[结论]该山区不同生境土壤螨类群落组成及时空分布动态之间均存在显著差异（P〈0．05）．这与植被类型、土壤环境因素及人为干扰程度等有关。

Community Structure of Soil Mites in Xiaoquzi Mountainous Area of Southern Urumqi

[ Objective ] In order to provide scientific basis for the biological assessment of human activities on soil environmental quality in resort of suburb ecosystem, an investigation was conducted on the community structure of soil mites in Xiaoquzi mountainous area of southern Urumqi from Xinjiang. [ Method ] The investigation was conducted by used the conventional field sampling methods and modified Tullgren method to studies on the characteristics of the community structure and seasonal changes of soil mites in the coniferous forest, mountain grassland, deciduous forest, residential area, mountain shrub and mountain farmland in the mountainous area of southern Urnmqi in April, July, September and November in 2011. [ Result] A total of 7 135 individuals of soil mites were collected, belonging to 57 families 87 genera of Acari. Among them Oribatida 5 785 individuals, 38 families, 54 genera, and they accounted for 81.08% of the total collections, the Me- sostigmata 1 077 individuals, 14 families, 19 genera, and they accounted for 15.09% total collections; Prostigmata 270 individuals, 4 families ,4 genera, and accounted for 3.78% of the total collections; Astigmata 3 individuals, 1 family, 1 genera, it only accounted for 0.04% of the totals. Among of them, Oppiella （ 10.06% ） was the dominant group, Tectocepheus （5.35%） and Eupelops （6.92%） were sub-dominant genera. Such as Trhypochthonius, Liochthonius, Belba, Camisia, Nothrus, et al. 35 genera were belonged to common groups, and they accounted for 76.73% ; the other 19 genera were the rare, and they only accounted for O. 94% total collections. There were significant differ- ences of individuals and groups in different habitats, different soil layers and different seasons （ P 〈 0.05 ） , the order of individuals for coniferous forest 〉 mountain shrub 〉 mountain grassland 〉 mountain farmland 〉 deciduous forest 〉 residential areas. There were significant differences of soil mites. The vertical distribution of the individual densities and grou