酸橘砧和枳砧沙糖橘果园土壤、叶片、果实养分比较与相关性分析

为了解广东省清远市沙糖橘园土壤养分丰缺状况,分析结果树不同砧穗组合叶片、果实养分丰缺状况,为沙糖橘营养科学管理、果园合理施肥及产业提质增效提供科学依据。采集清远市27个10~15年生枳砧和酸橘砧沙糖橘果园的土壤、叶片及果实,分析土壤、叶片及果实矿质养分含量,分析土壤、叶片及果实养分含量间的相关性。结果表明,清远沙糖橘果园土壤pH整体偏酸性,土壤有机质较丰富,有机质含量适量及以上果园占比70.4%。速效N含量缺乏果园为51.8%,81.5%的果园土壤速效P超量,有效K超量的占比48.1%,多数果园土壤有效Mn、有效Zn、有效Mo含量较适宜,但有效Ca、有效Mg、有效B缺乏占比分别达到81.5%、88.9%、77.8%。枳砧、酸橘砧沙糖橘叶片矿质养分丰缺程度存在差异,枳砧沙糖橘叶片N、B、Ca含量较少缺乏,而酸橘砧沙糖橘叶片3种元素含量存在严重缺乏的现象,2种砧木沙糖橘叶片中Cu、Mg均相对缺乏,Mo含量均严重缺乏。枳砧和酸橘砧沙糖橘果实矿质养分的大量元素中N、K含量高于P,中量元素Mg含量低于Ca含量,微量元素中Fe含量最高。枳砧沙糖橘果实单果重、果形指数、可食率、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、Vc含量等指标均低于酸橘砧。2种砧木的沙糖橘果园土壤矿质养分与叶片矿质养分间,枳砧Mg、Fe分别呈极显著、显著正相关,酸橘砧B、Fe均呈显著负相关,枳砧沙糖橘叶片与果实中Mo含量显著正相关,酸橘砧沙糖橘叶片、果实、土壤三者间Mo含量均为极显著正相关。清远市沙糖橘果园管理应注重改良土壤酸碱度,施用适当配比的N、P、K肥,深施有机肥的同时适量添加或叶面喷施Zn、Mg、B、Ca、Mo,合理控制含Mn农药的使用次数。

Comparison and Correlation Analysis of Soil,Leaf, Fruit Nutrients of Shatangju (Citrus reticulate) with Citrus Reticulata and Poncirus trifoliate Rootstocks

The nutrient abundances and deficiencies of soil, leaves and fruits of Shatangju (Citrus reticulate cv. Shatangju) orchards in Qingyuan City were studied to provide data support for scientific management of nutrition, reducing chemical fertilizer application and improving quality and efficiency of citrus industry. Samples of soil, leaf and fruit were collected respectively from 27 about 10-15 years Shatangju orchards with two rootstocks trifoliate orange Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf] and sour tangerine (C. sunki Hort. ex Tanaka) in Qingyuan city. And the correlations of the nutrient contents of soil, leaf and fruit between them were analyzed. The results are as follows: Most orchards were rich in soil organic matter, with appropriate organic matter content and above accounts for 70.4%. Orchards with lacking content of available nitrogen in soil nutrients were 51.8%. The content of available phosphorus in 81.5% orchards was excessive, and the excess of available K accounted for 48.1%. The contents of available Mn, available Zn and available Mo were appropriate in most orchards, but the deficiency of available Ca, available mg and available B accounted for 81.5%, 88.9% and 77.8% respectively. There is an obviously difference in the mineral nutrient content between the leaves of Shatangju with trifoliate orange rootstock and sour tangerine rootstock. The content of N, B, and Ca in the leaves of the former was not very lacking, while the content of three elements in the leaves of the latter was severe lacking. The Cu and Mg in the leaves of Shatangju with both rootstocks were relatively deficient, while the content of Mo of them was extremely deficient. The content of N and K in the Shatangju fruits with both rootstocks was higher than that of P, the content of Mg was lower than that of Ca, and the content of Fe was the highest in the microelements. The single fruit weight, fruit shape index, edible rate, titratable acid, soluble solids and Vc content of Shatangju with trifoliate orange rootstock were lower than those with sour tangerine rootstock. The content of Mg and Fe in the soil of Shatangju with trifoliate orange rootstock was positively, significantly positively correlated with that of in the leaves, respectively. While the content of B and Fe in the soil of Shatangju with sour tangerine rootstock were significantly negatively correlated with that of in the leaves. The content of Mo in the fruits of Shatangju with trifoliate orange rootstock was significantly positively correlated with that of in the leaves. The content of Mo in the leaves, fruits and soil of Shatangju with sour tangerine rootstock were mutual significantly positively correlated. Therefore, in the Shatangju orchards in Qingyuan City, alkaline fertilizer should be applied to improve soil pH value. N, P and K fertilizers should be applied in proper proportion. Zn, Mg, B, Ca and Mo fertilizers can be used as foliar fertilizers or mixed with organic fertilizers and applied into the deep layer soil. The use of manganese fungicides should be reasonably controlled.