橄榄种子休眠生理与层积效应

探究橄榄种子休眠生理与层积对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响效应,为橄榄及其他核果类果树种子休眠生理研究和种苗繁育提供参考。以未层积种子（层积0 d）为对照,对橄榄种子进行不同时间（每10 d一处理,共10个处理）的层积处理,研究橄榄种子在层积过程中营养物质、激素水平等生理生化变化,以及不同层积时间种子的萌发和幼苗生长情况。结果表明：层积处理缩短了橄榄种子发芽启动时间,对橄榄种子萌发均有促进作用。层积90 d和100 d的橄榄种子发芽率最高,均为82.22%,比CK种子（53.33%）高54.17%,发芽指数也显著高于其他处理时间,层积100 d的橄榄种子发芽指数是CK的8.5倍（P<0.05）。层积能提高橄榄幼苗地上部生物量,以90、100 d处理的橄榄幼苗生长最好。橄榄种子的主要营养贮藏物质是粗脂肪（70.85%~81.67%）,在层积过程中呈先升后降的趋势。新鲜橄榄种子（CK）中ABA含量较高（16.64 ng/g）,而GA₃未检测到。随层积时间延长,ABA与SA含量快速下降,GA₃含量增加,IAA/ABA升高,利于种子休眠解除。层积处理橄榄种子有利于其营养物质达到萌发所需水平,加快内源激素变化,促进种子发芽和幼苗地上部生长,以层积90~100 d最佳。

Dormancy Physiology and Stratification Effects of Chinese Olive [Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch.] Seeds

The objective of the work was to explore the dormancy physiological of Chinese olive Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch.] seeds and the effects of stratification on seed germination and seedling growth, and to provide references for seed physiology research and seedling breeding of Chinese olive and other stone fruit trees. Unstratified seeds (stratified for 0 d) were used as the control (CK), and the relevant indicators of the seeds with different stratification treatments (every 10 days as a treatment, a total of 10 treatments) were determined to study the physiological and biochemical changes of nutrients, hormone levels, the germination, and seedling growth. Results showed that the stratification treatment could shorten the initiation time of germination, different stratification treatments promoted the germination of Chinese olive seed. The germination rate of the stratified seeds was significantly higher than that of the unstratified (CK) seeds. The germination rate of the Chinese olive seeds with 90 d and 100 d stratification was the highest (82.22%), which was 54.17% higher than that of CK (53.33%). The germination index of 90 d and 100 d stratification was also significantly higher than that of other treatments. The germination index of stratified for 100 d was 8.5 times that of the CK seeds (P<0.05). By considering the growth of the Chinese olive seedlings, the stratification treatment could improve the biomass of the aboveground part. The Chinese olive seedlings with 90 d and 100 d stratification treatment grew best. The main nutrient storage substance of Chinese olive seed was crude fat (70.85%~81.67%), which tended to rise first and then fall during the stratification process. ABA content in the fresh Chinese olive seed was the highest (16.64 ng/g), while GA₃ was not detected. With the prolongation of the stratification time, the content of ABA and SA decreased rapidly, while the GA₃ content and IAA/ABA increased, which was beneficial to the release from seed dormancy. As a result, stratification is advantageous for Chinese olive seeds to reach the required nutritional level for germination, accelerate endogenous hormone changes, promote seed germination and aboveground part growth of seedlings, and 90~100 days stratification treatment forC.album is the best solution for practical seedling breeding.