小型风力机系统气动及发电性能试验研究

为了揭示小型风力机系统气动及发电性能的差异,分别对某新型的风力机风轮及连接发电机的同一风轮的气动性能和发电性能开展风洞试验,详细分析了风轮的气动特性及发电机的电磁特性.基于风轮气动功率和发电机的发电功率试验数据,给出了风力机不同风速下的最优工作曲线和实际工作曲线,在不同风速下实际工作曲线中的发电功率峰值及其对应转速均小于最优工作曲线中的气动功率峰值及其对应转速.风轮的气动扭矩随转速先增大后减小,然而发电机的电磁扭矩随转速增大而增大,当发电机逐渐增大的电磁扭矩等于开始减小的气动扭矩,发电机的转速无法进一步加速到气动功率最大值对应的转速,这种不匹配是导致风力机系统气动和发电性能差异的主要原因.试验数据可为研究风力机最大功率控制策略提供支持.

Experimental research on aerodynamic performance and generation performance for small horizontal axis wind turbine

In order to reveal the difference between aerodynamic performance and generation perfor-mance for a small wind turbine, the aerodynamic performance of a novel wind rotor and the generation performance of the alternator driven by the same rotor are tested in a low-speed wind tunnel, the aerodynamic characteristics and electromagnetic property are analyzed in depth. Based on aerodynamic power data and generation power data, the optimal operating curve and the actual operating curve are plotted under different wind speeds, showing that the generation power and the corresponding rotation speed are both less than the aerodynamic power and the corresponding rotation speed. The aerodynamic torque first increases, then decreases with rotation speed, while the electromagnetic torque increases continuously with rotation speed. When the increased electromagnetic torque approaches the decreased aerodynamic torque, the alternator rotation speed cannot reach that of aerodynamic power peak, the mismatch between aerodynamic torque and electromagnetic torque is the main reason for the perfor-mance difference. Besides, the experimental data benefit the research on the maximum power tracking control strategy of the wind turbine.