不同助剂、喷头及喷雾压力对自走式喷杆喷雾机稻田喷雾效果的影响

以亿丰丸山3WP-500CN型号自走式喷杆喷雾机为研究对象，以诱惑红85作为指示剂，测定了6种喷雾助剂 (红太阳、倍力、迈丝、融透、印楝油和哈速腾)、3种喷头 (TEEJET-VP80015、ASJ-VP110015和LICHENG-VP11003) 以及3种喷雾压力 (0.2、0.4 和0.6 MPa) 对农药沉积利用率、药液雾化性能 (D₅₀值雾滴密度等)、雾滴分布均匀性等喷雾参数的影响，以及240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂对水稻纹枯病防治效果及水稻产量的影响。结果表明:采用TEEJET-VP80015喷头，在0.4 MPa喷雾压力条件下，助剂哈速腾雾滴分布均匀性显著高于其他助剂，变异系数为0.11，同时对雾滴估计沉积量 (45.74 μL/cm2) 与分布跨度 (1.29) 的影响显著高于其他助剂；助剂迈丝对雾滴密度 (103.78个/cm2) 和农药沉积利用率 (83.88%) 的影响均显著高于其他助剂。采用TEEJET-VP80015喷头，在未添加助剂条件下，不同喷雾压力对雾滴分布跨度、雾滴附着率和农药沉积利用率影响差异显著，其中在0.6 MPa压力下，分布跨度为1.18，雾滴附着率为33.32%，农药沉积利用率为78.19%。在未添加助剂、0.4 MPa喷雾压力条件下，喷头LICHENG-VP11003对雾滴分布均匀性的影响显著高于另外两种喷头，变异系数为0.12，同时对雾滴覆盖率 (69.37%)、雾滴估计沉积量 (42.77 μL/cm2) 和农药沉积利用率 (75.79%) 的影响也显著高于另外两种喷头。各测定条件下，240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂对水稻纹枯病的防治效果与雾化性能和雾化参数结果一致，其中添加助剂迈丝后防治效果达到89.27%，显著高于添加其他助剂，增大喷雾压力到0.6 MPa，防治效果达到88.67%，显著高于其他压力条件；采用TEEJET-VP80015喷头，在0.4 MPa喷雾压力下，水稻产量为8301 kg/hm2，显著高于人工喷雾。因此，助剂与喷头类型均对自走式喷杆喷雾机施药时的农药沉积利用率、雾滴分布均匀性以及雾滴参数和雾化效果有显著的影响，在适当的喷雾压力下添加助剂可提高农药的防治效果。

Effects of different auxiliaries,spray nozzles and spray pressures of self-propelled boom sprayer on spray effect in paddy field

In this study, the effects of six spraying auxiliaries(Red Sun, Pele, Maisi, Rongtou, Neem Oil and Hasuteng), three types of spray nozzles(TEEJET-VP80015, ASJ-VP110015 and LICHENG-VP11003) and three types of spraying pressures(0.2, 0.4, 0.6 MPa) on pesticide utilization rate of deposition, the atomization performance (D₅₀, droplet density, etc.), spray droplet distribution uniformity and the control efficiency of 240 g/L thifluzamide SC on rice sheath blight disease and rice yields were studied by YIFENG-MARUYAMA 3WP-500CN self-propelled boom sprayer in field test and using the Allura Red AC 85 as an indicator. The results indicated that the spray droplet distribution uniformity of Hasuteng was significantly higher than that of other auxiliaries under the condition of the TEEJET-VP80015 nozzle and 0.4 MPa spray pressure, which of the coefficient of variation reached 0.11, meanwhile the effects on the estimated deposition of droplets(45.74 μL/cm2) and span of distribution(1.29) were significantly higher than those of other auxiliaries; The effect of auxiliary Maisi on the density of droplets(103.78 droplet/cm2) and utilization rate of pesticide deposition(83.88%) were significantly higher than those of other auxiliaries. Different pressures using the TEEJET-VP80015 nozzle had significant effect on span of distribution, adherence rate of droplets and utilization rate of pesticide deposition without auxiliaries, and the span of distribution, the adherence rate of droplets and the utilization rate of pesticide deposition reached 1.18, 33.32%, and 78.19% respectively when the pressure was set for 0.6 MPa. When without auxiliaries and under the condition of 0.4 MPa, the LICHENG-VP11003 nozzle displayed a greater influence on the spray droplet distribution uniformity, and was significantly higher than that of the other two nozzles, which of the coefficient of variation was 0.12, had a greater impact on the coverage (69.37%), estimated deposition of droplet(42.77 μL/cm2) and utilization rate of pesticide deposition (75.79%) were significantly higher than those of the other two nozzles. The effect of control efficacy of 240 g/L thifluzamide SC on the rice sheath blight disease was consistent with the results of the performance and atomization quality of deposition droplets. The control efficiency of adding the auxiliary Maisi on sheath blight was significantly higher than that of adding other auxiliaries, reached 89.27%.When increasing the spray pressure to 0.6 MPa, the control efficiency was promoted to 88.67%, which was significantly higher than other pressures. When using TEEJET-VP80015 nozzle and under the conditions of 0.4 MPa spray pressure, the rice yield reached 8301 kg/hm2, which was significantly higher than artificial spraying. Therefore, the auxiliaries and the spray nozzles have produced a significant impact on the utilization rate of pesticide deposition, uniformity of the droplets, atomization quality of deposition droplets of self-propelled boom sprayer, and the control efficiency of pesticides can be improved by adding auxiliaries under appropriate spray pressure.